Pedro-Vieira (talk | contribs) |
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The interaction surfaces in stress resultants can be of great use in the structural analysis processes, but their obtaining for plane or space frames, generally, is in combined efforts of bending moments and normal. The literature presents the surfaces in plane, quadric, complex or mixed forms for nonlinear analysis of structures that have the problems of local and global instability in the executing. The multiple linear regression model is a method that permit obtain interaction surfaces in the stress resultants from 3D solid element analysis. The plane and space frames elastoplastic analysis using these surfaces facilitate the structural analysis processes for the execution of projects with better structural safety. In this work, the approach will be for metallic structures with stress resultants surfaces obtained by Timoshenko 3D beams damage model non-linear analysis.
Keywords: interaction curves, 3D Timoshenko beams, multiple linear regression, stress resultants, steel frame, elastoplastic analysis.
A análise elastoplástica com pórticos espaciais ou planos
necessita da função de escoamento que controla o término da fase elástica e o estado plástico da estrutura. Usar superfícies de interação em resultantes de tensões é de mais fácil entendimento para os projetistas porque geralmente os esforços seccionais são apresentados nestas resultantes, a saber, momentos, cortantes e axial. O modelo de dano em vigas de Timoshenko em vigas 3D
permite obter os esforços em resultantes de tensões com a versatilidade de poder usá-lo para estruturas de concreto armado ou aço, de acordo com os parâmetros adotados. No trabalho de Vieira [1] faz-se a aplicação da tese doutoral de Hanganu [2] para o caso de estruturas de aço com a definição do limite de dano quando o valor da função de endurecimento ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle k\left( d\right) )}
for igual a máxima resistência ao cortante octaédrica ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\tau }_{oct}^{m\acute{a}x}(d)}
). As verificações realizadas demonstraram que os limites plásticos foram atendidos. Este trabalho fará a aplicação das superfícies de interação em pórticos planos e espaciais, de modo que seja verificado se a regressão linear múltipla consegue demostrar se a função é de boa utilidade ou não na análise elastoplástica.
A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com as formulações apresentadas nas seções 2.1 a 2.6 e 3 (três) estudos de casos na seção 2.7.
Na literatura, as funções de escoamento de uma seção retangular para combinações de esforços seccionais de momento fletor, axial, cortante e torção para pórticos planos e espaciais são apresentadas por Lubliner [3], Mrázik [4] e Crisfield [5] de forma resumida como:
|
( 1 ) |
Onde:
|
( 2 ) |
com
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle N}
= esforço normal atuante;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {N}_{xp}}
= esforço axial de plastificação;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {M}_{i}}
= esforço de momento atuante;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {M}_{ip}}
= esforço de momento de plastificação;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle x\, e\, y}
= direções dos esforços no sistema de referência.
Outras funções apresentam as interações de esforços seccionais como segue:
|
( 3 ) |
|
( 4 ) |
com
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( 5 ) | |
|
( 6 ) |
|
( 7 ) |
com
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {f}_{i}=\frac{{F}_{i}}{{F}_{ip}} |
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {F}_{i}}
= força cortante atuante;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {F}_{ip}}
= força cortante de plastificação.
Existem dificuldades para a obtenção das funções de escoamento por ensaios experimentais, assim como por modelos computacionais porque as mesmas dependem da geometria da seção transversal e das propriedades do material. A abordagem baseada no modelo de dano em vigas de Timoshenko 3D para a obtenção das superfícies com regressão linear múltipla é apresentada em Vieira e Silva [6] e com mais detalhes em Vieira [1].
Hanganu [2] desenvolve o modelo de dano isotrópico para problemas termicamente estáveis, na configuração material lagrangiana com pequenas deformações e deslocamentos com a descrição do dano pela variável Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle d}
em função de uma superfície elementar com um volume de material degradado como na Figura 1:
|
( 8 ) |
Onde
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {S}_{n}}
= área total da seção;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\overline{S}}_{n}} = área resistente efetiva;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {S}_{n}-{\overline{S}}_{n}\,}
= área ocupada pelas aberturas.
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Figura 1. Superfície com dano.
A relação de equilíbrio entre a tensão de Cauchy Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{\sigma }}} e a tensão efetiva Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \overline{\mathit{\boldsymbol{\sigma }}}} é mostrada pela equação ( 9 ) e a Figura 2:
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( 9 ) |
|
|
| 1) Região real com dano. | 2) Região equivalente sem dano. |
Figura 2. Tensão de Cauchy Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \sigma}
e tensão efetiva Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \overline{\sigma }}
.
Fazendo as relações entre as equações ( 8 ) e ( 9 ) obtém-se:
|
( 10 ) |
Onde:
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle E}
= módulo de elasticidade do material;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \epsilon}
= deformação do material.
Para problemas termicamente estáveis é válida a inequação de Clasius-Planck para representar a dissipação ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\Xi }_{m}} ), sempre crescente, com a potência dissipativa Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \overset{\cdot}{{\Xi }_{m}}}
sendo positiva em um ponto para a forma lagrangiana seguinte:
|
( 11 ) |
Com
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\Psi }_{0}}
= energia livre elástica de Helmholtz do material sem danos;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \Psi}
= energia livre de Helmholtz para um modelo com dano isotérmico;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {m}_{0}} = densidade na configuração material.
O termo Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \left( \frac{1}{{m}_{o}}{\mathit{\boldsymbol{\sigma }}}^{T}-\right. } Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \left. \frac{\partial \boldsymbol{\Psi }}{\partial \mathit{\boldsymbol{\epsilon }}}\right) \overset{\cdot}{\mathit{\boldsymbol{\epsilon }}}- Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \frac{\partial \boldsymbol{\Psi }}{\partial d}\overset{\cdot}{d}\geq 0
necessita cumprir-se em qualquer variação temporal arbitrária da variável independente Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \epsilon}
. Assim, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \overset{\cdot}{\epsilon }}
pode ser “zero” ou
|
( 12 ) |
Desenvolvendo a equação ( 12 ) chega-se a:
|
( 13 ) |
Onde
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{C}}}^{s}} = Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \left( 1-\right. } Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \left. d\right) {\mathit{\boldsymbol{C}}}^{0}
é a matriz constitutiva secante do material com dano.
Por consequência o termo restante da equação ( 11 ) torna-se em
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( 14 ) |
Pelas equações ( 11 ) e ( 14 ) o dano nunca pode diminuir, ou seja, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \overset{\cdot}{d}\geq 0}
.
A função equivalente utilizada no modelo de Hanganu [2] é mostrada na Figura 3 com Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \acute{{f}_{t}}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \acute{{f}_{c}}}
como resistências de tração e compressão, respectivamente.
O termo Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle n}
é
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( 15 ) |
A equação que a representa é a seguinte:
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( 16 ) |
Onde
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle G\left( \chi \right)}
= função escalar, inversível, positiva e derivada positiva, a determinar.
A função de evolução do limite de dano, Hanganu [2], é mostrada na Figura 4:
|
Figura 4. Representação da função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle G\left( \overline{\sigma }\right)}
O presente trabalho foi focado em estruturas de aço. Desta feita, adotou-se o critério de von Mises que depende de somente um parâmetro, ou seja, a máxima resistência ao cortante octaédrica Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\tau }_{oct}^{m\acute{a}x}}
, considerando somente o 2º invariante do tensor desviador de tensões Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \, {J}_{2}}
, desprezando a influência do 1º invariante do tensor de tensões e do 3º invariante do tensor desviador de tensões Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {J}_{3}}
. De acordo com este critério, se alcança
o limite do dano quando o valor da função de endurecimento Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \kappa \, (d)}
alcança a máxima resistência ao cortante octaédrico Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\tau }_{oct}^{m\acute{a}x}\, (d)}
.
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( 17 ) |
Este critério é representado na equação ( 18 ):
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( 18 ) |
Na obtenção das superfícies foram feitas várias combinações de carregamentos de forma a ter um grupo de pontos para gerar a superfície proposta, ou seja, pontos que tenham alcançado a superfície de escoamento. Para um dado carregamento, obtém-se um ponto, como por exemplo o ponto 1 da Figura 5, cujas coordenadas (n1, m1) são o esforço axial e momento fletor respectivamente. Mais detalhes sobre os processos de obtenção das superfícies podem ser lidos em Vieira [1].
|
Figura 5. Pontos gerados para criar a função de escoamento (caso uniaxial).
A superfície para o caso da Figura 5 tem a seguinte descrição no formato do modelo de regressão linear múltipla:
|
( 19 ) |
Onde
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle n\, e\, m}
= esforços normal e fletor adimensionais, respectivamente;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\beta }_{1}\, e\, {\beta }_{2}}
= coeficientes obtidos pela regressão linear múltipla.
Muitas aplicações da análise de regressão envolvem situações em que há mais de uma variável de regressão. Um modelo de regressão que contém mais de um regressor recebe o nome de modelo de regressão múltipla como por exemplo em Montgomery [7].
O modelo desenvolvido para a formulação pretendida tem a seguinte forma:
|
( 20 ) |
Onde:
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\overline{n}}_{x}=\frac{{n}_{x}}{{n}_{xp}}}
com Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {n}_{x}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {n}_{xp}}
como o esforço axial atuante e plástico;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\overline{f}}_{y}=\frac{{f}_{y}}{{f}_{yp}}}
com Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{y}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{yp}}
como o esforço cortante atuante e plástico;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\overline{f}}_{z}=\frac{{f}_{z}}{{f}_{zp}}}
com Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{z}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{zp}}
como o esforço cortante atuante e plástico;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\overline{m}}_{x}=\frac{{m}_{x}}{{m}_{xp}}}
com Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {m}_{x}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {m}_{xp}}
como o momento torçor atuante e plástico;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\overline{m}}_{y}=\frac{{m}_{y}}{{m}_{yp}}}
com Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {m}_{y}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {m}_{yp}}
como o momento fletor atuante e plástico;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\overline{m}}_{z}=\frac{{m}_{z}}{{m}_{zp}}}
com Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {m}_{z}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {m}_{zp}}
como o momento fletor atuante e plástico.
Na regressão as observações da equação ( 20 ) podem ser apresentadas como
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( 21 ) |
Com Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle i=1,2,\, \cdots ,n}
Onde
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle n}
= número de observações (ensaios);
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\beta }_{k}}
= coeficientes de regressão da resposta Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle Y}
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle k\,}
= variáveis independes (regressores): Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\overline{f}}_{x}}
e suas combinações;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\epsilon }_{i}}
= erros do modelo.
O enfoque matricial da formulação é mostrado como segue:
|
( 22 ) |
Com
|
( 23 ) |
|
( 24 ) |
Onde
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{Y}}}
= é o vetor de observações de dimensão Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle (n\times 1)}
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{X}}} = é o tensor (matriz) de dimensão Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle (n\times p)}
dos níveis das variáveis independentes;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{\beta }}}
= é o vetor dos coeficientes de regressão de dimensão Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle (p\times 1)}
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{\epsilon }}}
= é o vetor dos erros aleatórios de dimensão Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle (n\times 1)}
.
Deve-se encontrar o vetor dos estimadores dos mínimos quadrado, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \hat{\mathit{\boldsymbol{\beta }}}} , que minimiza
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Desenvolvendo os cálculos chega-se a:
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Mais detalhes dos processos de cálculo podem ser lidos em Montgomery [7].
O modelo ajustado passa a ter a seguinte forma;
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Com Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle i=1,\, 2,\, \cdots ,n}
.
Os testes de hipóteses utilizados são o estatístico de prova
“F” e os de coeficientes individuais “t” que podem ser compreendidos com detalhes em Montgomery [7].
As superfícies e seus os resultados estatísticos que serão usados nas análises elastoplásticas, obtidos em Vieira [1], são as seguintes:
|
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Tabela 1. Prova de significância da superfície Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{1}}
| Fonte de variação | Soma dos quadrados | Graus de liberdade | Média dos quadrados | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): F | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): P>F |
| Regressão | 23,860 | 3 | 7,953 | 1183,674 | 0,000 |
| Erro (resíduo) | 0,1400 | 21 | 0,007 | ||
| Total | 24,000 | 24 | |||
| Prova dos coeficientes individuais | |||||
| Variáveis | Estimado | Erro | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): t | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): P>\left| t\right| | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {n}^{2} | 1,1580 | 0,0377 | 30,740 | 0,000 | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {m}_{y}^{2} | 1,1180 | 0,0387 | 28,900 | 0,000 | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {m}_{z}^{2} | 1,1240 | 0,0381 | 29,530 | 0,000 | |
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Tabela 2. Prova de significância da superfície Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{2}}
| Fonte de variação | Soma dos quadrados | Graus de liberdade | Média dos quadrados | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): F | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): P>F |
| Regressão | 24,000 | 5 | 4,800 | 55913,754 | 0,000 |
| Erro (resíduo) | 0,000 | 19 | 0,000 | ||
| Total | 24,000 | 24 | |||
| Prova dos coeficientes individuais | |||||
| Variáveis | Estimado | Erro | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): t | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): P>\left| t\right| | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {n}^{2} | 1,0100 | 0,0056 | 179,500 | 0,000 | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {m}_{y}^{2} | 0,9680 | 0,0086 | 113,100 | 0,000 | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {m}_{z}^{2} | 0,9810 | 0,0085 | 115,500 | 0,000 | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): n{m}_{y} | 0,5140 | 0,0312 | 16,500 | 0,000 | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): n{m}_{z} | 0,0305 | 14,100 | 0,000 | ||
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Tabela 3. Prova de significância da superfície Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{3}}
| Fonte de variação | Soma dos quadrados | Graus de liberdade | Média dos quadrados | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): F | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): P>F |
| Regressão | 24,000 | 6 | 4,000 | 53308,230 | 0,000 |
| Erro (resíduo) | 0,000 | 18 | 0,000 | ||
| Total | 24,000 | 24 | |||
| Prova dos coeficientes individuais | |||||
| Variáveis | Estimado | Erro | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): t | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): P>\left| t\right| | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {n}^{2} | 1,0140 | 0,00552 | 183,500 | 0,000 | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {m}_{y}^{2} | 0,9660 | 0,00806 | 119,800 | 0,000 | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {m}_{z}^{2} | 0,9820 | 0,00795 | 123,500 | 0,000 | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): n{m}_{y} | 0,5060 | 0,02951 | 17,100 | 0,000 | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): n{m}_{z} | 0,4040 | 0,03146 | 12,800 | 0,000 | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {m}_{y}{m}_{z} | 0,0380 | 0,01980 | 1,900 | 0,000 | |
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Tabela 4. Prova de significância da superfície Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{4}}
| Fonte de variação | Soma dos quadrados | Graus de liberdade | Média dos quadrados | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): F | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): P>F |
| Regressão | 12,000 | 2 | 6,000 | 84325,969 | 0,000 |
| Erro (resíduo) | 0,000 | 10 | 0,000 | ||
| Total | 12,000 | 12 | |||
| Prova dos coeficientes individuais | |||||
| Variáveis | Estimado | Erro | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): t | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): P>\left| t\right| | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {n}^{2} | 1,0120 | 0,0043 | 235, 300 | 0,000 | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {m}_{z}^{2} | 1,0270 | 0,0044 | 233, 800 | 0,000 | |
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Tabela 5. Prova de significância da superfície Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{5}}
| Fonte de variação | Soma dos quadrados | Graus de liberdade | Média dos quadrados | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): F | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): P>F |
| Regressão | 11,960 | 2 | 5,979 | 1455,211 | 0,000 |
| Erro (resíduo) | 0,040 | 10 | 0,004 | ||
| Total | 12,000 | 12 | |||
| Prova dos coeficientes individuais | |||||
| Variáveis | Estimado | Erro | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): t | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): P>\left| t\right| | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {n}^{2} | 1,2420 | 0,0309 | 40,220 | 0,000 | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {m}_{z}^{2} | 1,0870 | 0,0355 | 30,610 | 0,000 | |
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Tabela 6. Prova de significância da superfície Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{6}}
| Fonte de variação | Soma dos quadrados | Graus de liberdade | Média dos quadrados | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): F | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): P>F |
| Regressão | 11,990 | 2 | 5,996 | 8547,240 | 0,000 |
| Erro (resíduo) | 0,010 | 10 | 0,001 | ||
| Total | 12,000 | 12 | |||
| Prova dos coeficientes individuais | |||||
| Variáveis | Estimado | Erro | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): t | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): P>\left| t\right| | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): n | 1,0890 | 0,0112 | 97,600 | 0,000 | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {m}_{z}^{2} | 0,9290 | 0,0150 | 62,040 | 0,000 | |
Uma superfície de interação define o estado último de uma seção transversal e depende dos seguintes fatores:
Encontram-se soluções analíticas fechadas para determinados tipos de seções (I, Retangular, etc) com casos especiais de combinações de esforços, tais como momentos fletores e esforço normal Horne [8], Lubliner [3] e Neal [9]. Neste trabalho, assume-se uma superfície descrita na equação ( 20 ) em função dos esforços seccionais.
A análise elastoplástica segue os conceitos apresentados no trabalho de Silva [10] com as seguintes considerações;
Durante o processo de aplicação do carregamento em passos de carga os esforços seccionais em alguns nós dos elementos da estrutura poderão sair da superfície de interação. Para trazer estes esforços seccionais de volta a superfície utiliza-se o método de Backward Euler que necessita das derivadas primeira e segunda da superfície em relação aos esforços seccionais.
Baseando-se na equação ( 20 ) são obtidas as derivadas de primeira ordem da superfície de interação em relação aos esforços seccionais:
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): f={\beta }_{1}{{\overline{f}}_{x}}^{{\beta }_{13}}+{\beta }_{2}{{\overline{f}}_{y}}^{{\beta }_{14}}+
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\beta }_{3}{{\overline{f}}_{z}}^{{\beta }_{15}}+{\beta }_{4}{{\overline{m}}_{x}}^{{\beta }_{16}}+ Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\beta }_{5}{{\overline{m}}_{y}}^{{\beta }_{17}}+{\beta }_{6}{{\overline{m}}_{z}}^{{\beta }_{18}}+ Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\beta }_{7}{{{\overline{f}}_{x}}^{{\beta }_{19}}\, {\overline{m}}_{x}}^{{\beta }_{20}}+ Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\beta }_{8}{{{\overline{f}}_{x}}^{{\beta }_{21}}{\overline{m}}_{y}}^{{\beta }_{22}}+ Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\beta }_{9}{{{\overline{f}}_{x}}^{{\beta }_{23}}{\overline{m}}_{z}}^{{\beta }_{24}}+ Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\beta }_{10}{\, {\overline{m}}_{x}}^{{\beta }_{25}}{{\overline{m}}_{y}}^{{\beta }_{26}}+ Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\beta }_{11}{\, {\overline{m}}_{x}}^{{\beta }_{27}}{{\overline{m}}_{z}}^{{\beta }_{28}}+ Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\beta }_{12}{{\overline{m}}_{y}}^{{\beta }_{29}}{{\overline{m}}_{z}}^{{\beta }_{30}}-1= Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0 |
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Onde
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle s{f}_{i}=\frac{{f}_{i}}{\left| {f}_{i}\right| }}
= sinal do esforço seccional de forças;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle s{m}_{i}=\frac{{m}_{i}}{\left| {m}_{i}\right| }}
= sinal do esforço seccional de momentos;
A superfície de interação é assumida como um potencial plástico. As componentes são apresentadas na equação ( 40 ) na forma matricial para cada nó do elemento do fluxo plástico no nós do elemento durante o processo de carga.
|
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Onde Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{0}}}
é o vetor nulo de dimensão Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle (6\times 1)}
.
As derivadas de segunda ordem expressam o gradiente do vetor de fluxo plástico, obtido pela diferenciação de cada componente do vetores da equação ( 40 ). Desenvolvendo-se as derivadas, chega-se a:
Para Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \partial {F}_{x}{F}_{k}}
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Para Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \partial {F}_{y}{F}_{k}}
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Para Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \partial {F}_{z}{F}_{k}}
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Para Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \partial {M}_{x}{F}_{k}}
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Para Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \partial {M}_{y}{F}_{k}}
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Para Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \partial {M}_{z}{F}_{k}}
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Onde Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{0}}}
é uma matriz de dimensão Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle (6\times 6)}
com elementos nulos.
O algoritmo de retorno proposto por Silva [10] servirá para trazer de volta os esforços seccionais inadmissíveis, ou seja, os que saem da superfície de interação. O método de backward Euler será utilizado para trazer de volta a superfície estes esforços seccionais. Quando os esforços atingem a superfície se formam as rótulas plásticas.
Assume-se que exista uma combinação de esforços seccionais em um dos nós do elemento que esteja fora da superfície de interação. Usando o método de backward Euler para corrigir o vetor de forças nodais tem-se a seguinte forma:
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( 81 ) |
Onde
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\hat{\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}}_{i}} = vetor de forças nodais corrigido;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{i}^{trial}}
= vetor de força nodais estimado;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\lambda }_{1}} = multiplicador plástico do nó 1, de forma Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\lambda }_{1}\geq 0}
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{K}}}_{ij}} = matriz de rigidez do elemento;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\left\{ \frac{\partial \mathit{\boldsymbol{f}}}{\partial {\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{j}}\right\} }_{1}} = vetor de fluxo plástico do nó 1.
O vetor de forças nodais estimado é expressado por:
|
( 82 ) |
Onde
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\overline{\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}}_{i}}
= vetor de forças nodais do último passo de carga convergido;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle d{\mathit{\boldsymbol{U}}}_{j}}
= incrementos do campo de deslocamentos do nó.
O vetor Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {F}_{i}^{trial}}
é obtido da solução elástica dos incrementos de deslocamentos Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle d{U}_{j}}
e da matriz de rigidez Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {K}_{ij}}
linear elástica do elemento de viga 3D. O vetor Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\overline{F}}_{i}}
pode estar dentro, fora ou tocando a superfície de interação. Geralmente, os vetores de forças nodais, estimado ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {F}_{i}^{trial}}
) e o corrigido ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\hat{F}}_{i}} ) não estão sobre a superfície de interação quando atingem a fase de escoamento. Usar-se-á um método iterativo para trazer os esforços seccionais a um estado de tensão que esteja na superfície de interação.
O algoritmo irá trabalhar com 2 (duas) possibilidades de formação de rótulas plásticas, ou seja, para 1 (um) nó ou os 2 (dois) nós.
O caso de formação de somente uma rótula plástica no elemento de viga emprega-se um vetor de fluxo plástico correspondente aos esforços seccionais que se encontra fora da superfície de interação, conforme Figura 6.
Figura 6. Retorno à superfície com um vetor.
O processo iterativo utiliza vetores de fluxo plástico atualizados para aproximar-se da superfície. Este procedimento é chamado de algoritmo de retorno.
Admite-se que os vetores de força nodais Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {F}_{i}}
(atual) e o corrigido Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\hat{F}}_{i}}
não cumprem o critério de escoamento, ou seja, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle f({F}_{i})>1}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle f({\hat{F}}_{i})>1.}
O vetor de forças residuais Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{r}}}_{i}}
do processo iterativo será como
|
( 83 ) |
Desenvolvendo a equação ( 83 ) numa série de Taylor até os termos de 1ª ordem e mantendo o vetor de forças nodais de partida Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{i}^{trial}}
fixo, obtém-se um novo vetor de forças residuais Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{r}}}_{i}^{n+1}}
, apresentado da seguinte forma:
|
( 84 ) |
Onde
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle n=0,1,2,\ldots}
= passo do processo iterativo.
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle d{\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{i}}
= variação do vetor de forças;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle d{\lambda }_{1}} = variação do multiplicador plástico;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\left\{ \frac{{\partial }^{\mathit{\boldsymbol{2}}}\mathit{\boldsymbol{f}}}{\partial {\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{\mathit{\boldsymbol{j}}}\partial {\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{k}}\right\} }_{1}d{\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{k}}
= variação do vetor de fluxo (gradiente).
Aplicando a condição de que Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{r}}}_{i}^{n+1}=} Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{0}} , a equação ( 84 ) torna-se em
|
( 85 ) |
Onde Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\delta }_{ik}}
= Delta de Kronecker
Definindo-se o termo
|
( 86 ) |
A equação ( 85 ), torna-se:
|
( 87 ) |
Obtendo os termos da variação do vetor de força, chega-se a:
|
( 88 ) |
|
( 89 ) |
Expandindo a superfície de interação, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{f}}}
, numa série de Taylor até os termos de 1ª ordem entorno do vetor do vetor de forças nodais final ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {F}_{k})}
, obtém-se:
|
( 90 ) |
Tomando-se Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{1}^{n+1}=\mathit{\boldsymbol{0}}}
e desenvolvendo a equação ( 89 ) paro obter o multiplicador plástico, chega-se a:
|
( 91 ) |
|
( 92 ) |
|
( 93 ) |
|
( 94 ) |
|
( 95 ) |
O processo iterativo termina quando são alcançados os critérios de parada adotados:
|
( 96 ) |
Onde
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \left\| {\mathit{\boldsymbol{r}}}_{i}\right\|}
= norma euclidiana do vetor de forças nodais;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \left\| {\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{i}^{trial}\right\|}
= norma euclidiana do vetor de forças estimado;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{f}}}^{norm}} = vetor resíduo da superfície de interação;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle Tol}
= tolerância adotada.
O caso da existência de duas rótulas plástica no elemento de viga usa 2 (dois) vetores de fluxo plástico, um para cada nó. O vetores seguem a premissa de que
|
( 97 ) |
Durante o processo iterativo, usa-se dois vetores de fluxo para se aproximar da superfície de interação. Este procedimento é chamado algoritmo de retorno com 2 (dois) vetores. A interpretação geométrica é vista na Figura 7.
| |
Figura 7. Retorno à superfície com dois vetores.
O vetor nodal de partida é similar a equação ( 82 ). O vetor de forças nodais para os dois nós corrigido é expressado como
|
( 98 ) |
Onde
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\lambda }_{1}} e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\lambda }_{2}}
são os multiplicadores plásticos.
O vetor resíduo das forças tem a forma seguinte:
|
( 99 ) |
O vetor novo em função da série de Taylor com termos de 1ª ordem e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{i}^{trial}}
fixo é apresentado:
|
( 100 ) |
Com a condição que Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{r}}}_{i}^{n+1}=}
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{0}}
, chega-se a:
|
( 101 ) |
Adotando-se:
|
( 102 ) |
Isolando o termo Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle d{\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{k}}
da equação ( 101 ), obtém-se:
|
( 103 ) |
Os termos iterativos da função de escoamento (superfícies) são apresentados como
|
( 104 ) |
Impondo o critério de que Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{1}^{n+1}=}
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{0}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \, {\mathit{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{2}^{n+1}=}
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{0}}
e desenvolvendo a equação ( 102 ), chega-se a:
|
( 105 ) |
|
( 106 ) |
|
( 107 ) |
|
( 108 ) |
Desenvolvendo o sistema de equações ( 107 ) e ( 108 ) no sistema matricial, obtêm-se os seguintes temos:
|
( 109 ) |
Reapresentando a equação ( 109 ) na forma sintética:
|
( 110 ) |
A solução do sistema da equação ( 110 ) é a seguinte:
|
( 111 ) |
O processo iterativo segue procedimentos similares ao caso com um 1 (um) vetor:
|
( 112 ) |
O processo iterativo utiliza o método de Newton-Raphson para determinar a configuração de equilíbrio do sistema estrutural. A manutenção da convergência quadrática faz necessário a obtenção de uma matriz de rigidez consistente para os 2 (dois) vetores. Uma rótula plástica usará o algoritmo com um vetor e para 2 (duas) o algoritmo com dois vetores.
Usando a equação ( 81 ) e ( 82 ) como ponto de partida:
|
( 113 ) |
Aplicando-se o diferencial total na equação ( 113 ), chega-se a:
|
( 114 ) | |
|
( 115 ) |
Adotando Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \, d{\overline{F}}_{i}=\mathit{\boldsymbol{0}}}
|
( 116 ) |
Isolando o termo Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle d{F}_{k}}
|
( 117 ) |
Usando Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {Q}_{ik}}
(equação ( 86 )):
|
( 118 ) |
Isolando o termo Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle d{F}_{k}}
|
( 119 ) |
Adotando o termo:
|
( 120 ) |
A equação ( 119 ) torna-se em:
|
( 121 ) |
O vetor de forças nodais final tem que cumprir a condição Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{\mathit{\boldsymbol{1}}}\left( {F}_{i}\right) =}
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{0}}
. Desta maneira, diferencia-se a equação ( 121 ) e obtém-se:
|
( 122 ) |
|
( 123 ) |
Isolando o termo Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle d{\lambda }_{1}}
|
( 124 ) |
A matriz de rigidez consistente é obtida, trabalhando com as equações ( 124 ) e ( 121 ):
|
( 125 ) |
Com
|
( 126 ) |
Os procedimentos similares são realizados para obter a matriz de rigidez consistente para dois vetores como por exemplo Silva [10] e Vieira [6].
A formulação para os dois vetores tem a seguinte forma:
|
( 127 ) |
As condições do vetor de forças nodais final são que
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{\mathit{\boldsymbol{1}}}\left( {F}_{i}\right) =}
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{0}} e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{\mathit{\boldsymbol{2}}}\left( {F}_{i}\right) =} Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{0}} |
( 128 ) |
Os termos dos multiplicadores plásticos são os seguintes:
|
( 129 ) |
Com
|
( 130 ) |
Se ocorrer o caso dos multiplicadores plásticos for Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle d{\lambda }_{1}<0}
ou Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle d{\lambda }_{2}<0}
será atribuído o valor zero e desativa-se a rótula plástica correspondente ao caso negativo.
Desenvolvendo os termos das equações ( 127 ) e ( 129 ):
|
( 131 ) |
Com
|
( 132 ) |
Os casos abordam a formulação apresentada com o intuito de verificar a viabilidade das superfícies de interação obtidas pelo modelo de dano com a regressão linear múltipla. Também, pretende-se usar as informações estatísticas para comparar a qualidade das funções obtidas e suas análises elastoplásticas.
O caso 1 é baseado nos dados do trabalho de Thai e Kim [11] que trata de um pórtico plano, conforme Figura 8.
|
Figura 8. Pórtico Plano de Thai e Kim.
Tabela 7 - Coordenadas do pórtico plano - Thai e Kim.
| Nó | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{X}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Y}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Z}} | |
| ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{cm}}}
) |
( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{cm}}}
) |
( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{cm}}}
) |
||
| 1 | 0,000 | 0,000 | 0,000 | |
| 2 | 0,000 | 1000,000 | 0,000 | |
| 3 | 1000,000 | 1000,000 | 0,000 | |
| 4 | 1000,000 | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Tabela 8 – Características físicas do pórtico plano - Thai e Kim.
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Elem.}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \boldsymbol{N\acute{o}\, I} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \boldsymbol{N\acute{o}\, F} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \boldsymbol{E} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\mathit{\boldsymbol{\sigma }}}_{\mathit{\boldsymbol{y}}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \boldsymbol{\nu } | ||
| ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{kN/c}}{\mathit{\boldsymbol{m}}}^{\mathit{\boldsymbol{2}}}\mathit{\boldsymbol{)}}} | ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{kN/c}}{\mathit{\boldsymbol{m}}}^{\mathit{\boldsymbol{2}}}\mathit{\boldsymbol{)}}} | ||||||
| 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||
| 2 | 2 | 3 | 1961,3 | 9,8 | 0,170 | ||
| 3 | 3 | 4 | |||||
Os termos da Tabela 8 tem a seguinte descrição:
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle E}
= módulo de elasticidade;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \nu}
= coeficiente de Poisson;
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\sigma }_{y}} = tensão de escoamento.
Tabela 9 – Propriedades do material do pórtico plano - Thai e Kim.
| Elemento | Seção transversal |
| 1,2,3 e 4 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): A=800,000\, c{m}^{2} |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle b=20\, cm}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle h=} Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 40\, cm | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {I}_{z}=106666,667\, c{m}^{4} | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {F}_{xp}=7840,000\, kN | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {M}_{zp}=78400,000\, kN\times cm |
As cargas aplicadas são as seguintes:
Tabela 10 – Cargas aplicadas do pórtico plano - Thai e Kim.
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{N\acute{o}}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \boldsymbol{Dir} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \boldsymbol{Valor\, (kN)} |
| 2 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {F}_{X} | 1,000 |
| 2 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {F}_{y} | -1,000 |
| 3 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {F}_{y} | -1,000 |
As funções utilizadas no caso são as Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{4}}
, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{5}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{6}}
, equações ( 31 ), ( 32 ) e ( 33 ), respectivamente.
O caso 2 é baseado no pórtico espacial com dados dos trabalhos de Thai e Kim [11] e Argyris [12], conforme a Figura 9.
Figura 9 – Pórtico espacial de 2 (dois) pavimentos.
|
As propriedades do caso são apresentadas nas Tabela 11 a Tabela 13.
Tabela 11 - Coordenadas do pórtico espacial - Thai e Kim.
| Nó | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{X}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Y}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Z}} | |
| ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{cm}}}
) |
( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{cm}}}
) |
( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{cm}}}
) |
||
| 1 | 0,000 | 0,000 | 0,000 | |
| 2 | 400,000 | 0,000 | 0,000 | |
| 3 | 400,000 | 0,000 | 300,000 | |
| 4 | 0,000 | 0,000 | 300,000 | |
| 5 | 0,000 | 400,000 | 0,000 | |
| 6 | 400,000 | 400,000 | 0,000 | |
| 7 | 400,000 | 400,000 | 300,000 | |
| 8 | 0,000 | 400,000 | 300,000 | |
| 9 | 0,000 | 800,000 | 0,000 | |
| 10 | 400,000 | 800,000 | 0,000 | |
| 11 | 400,000 | 800,000 | 300,000 | |
| 12 | 0,000 | 800,000 | 300,000 | |
| 13 | 0,000 | 800,000 | 150,000 | |
| 14 | 400,000 | 800,000 | 150,000 |
Tabela 12 - Características físicas do pórtico espacial - Thai e Kim.
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Elem.}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \boldsymbol{N\acute{o}\, I} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \boldsymbol{N\acute{o}\, F} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \boldsymbol{E} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\mathit{\boldsymbol{\sigma }}}_{\mathit{\boldsymbol{p}}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \boldsymbol{\nu } | |
| ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{kN/c}}{\mathit{\boldsymbol{m}}}^{\mathit{\boldsymbol{2}}}\mathit{\boldsymbol{)}}} | ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{kN/c}}{\mathit{\boldsymbol{m}}}^{\mathit{\boldsymbol{2}}}\mathit{\boldsymbol{)}}} | |||||
| 1 | 1 | 5 | 1961,3 | 9,8 | 0,170 | |
| 2 | 2 | 6 | ||||
| 3 | 3 | 7 | ||||
| 4 | 4 | 8 | ||||
| 5 | 5 | 6 | ||||
| 6 | 6 | 7 | ||||
| 7 | 7 | 8 | ||||
| 8 | 8 | 5 | ||||
| 9 | 5 | 9 | ||||
| 10 | 6 | 10 | ||||
| 11 | 7 | 11 | ||||
| 12 | 8 | 12 | ||||
| 13 | 9 | 10 | ||||
| 14 | 10 | 14 | ||||
| 15 | 14 | 11 | ||||
| 16 | 11 | 12 | ||||
| 17 | 9 | 13 | ||||
| 18 | 12 | 13 | ||||
Tabela 13 - Propriedades do material do pórtico espacial - Thai e Kim.
| Elemento | Seção transversal |
| 1 a 18 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): A=800,000\, c{m}^{2} |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle b=20\, cm}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle h=} Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 40\, cm | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {I}_{z}=1,067\times {10}^{5}\, c{m}^{4} | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {I}_{x}=1,067\times {10}^{5}\, c{m}^{4} | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {I}_{y}=2,667\times {10}^{4}\, c{m}^{4} | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {M}_{zp}=7,840\times {10}^{4}\, kN\times cm | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {M}_{xp}=6,533\times {10}^{4}\, kN\times cm | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {M}_{yp}=3,920\times {10}^{4}\, kN\times cm | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {F}_{zp}=4,526\times {10}^{3}\, kN | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {F}_{xp}=7,840\times {10}^{3}\, kN | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {F}_{yp}=4,526\times {10}^{3}\, kN |
As cargas aplicadas são as seguintes:
Tabela 14 – Cargas aplicadas do pórtico espacial - Thai e Kim.
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{N\acute{o}}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{\mathit{\boldsymbol{x}}}\mathit{\boldsymbol{\, (kN)}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{\mathit{\boldsymbol{y}}}\mathit{\boldsymbol{\, (kN)}}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{\mathit{\boldsymbol{z}}}\mathit{\boldsymbol{\, (kN)}} |
| 5 | 1,000 | -2,000 | 0,000 |
| 6 | 0,250 | -2,000 | 0,000 |
| 7 | 0,250 | -2,000 | 0,000 |
| 8 | 1,000 | -2,000 | 0,000 |
| 9 | 3,000 | -0,500 | 0,000 |
| 10 | 0,500 | -0,500 | 0,000 |
| 11 | 0,500 | -0,500 | 0,000 |
| 12 | 3,000 | -0,500 | 0,000 |
| 13 | 0,000 | -1,000 | 0,000 |
| 14 | 0,000 | -1,000 | 0,000 |
As funções utilizadas no caso são as Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{1}}
, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{2}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{3}}
, equações ( 28 ), ( 29 ) e ( 30 ), respectivamente.
O caso 3 é baseado no pórtico espacial com dados dos trabalhos de Argyris et al [12] e Park e Lee [13], conforme a Figura 10.
|
Figura 10 – Pórtico em domo - Argyris et al.
As propriedades do caso são apresentadas nas Tabela 15 a Tabela 18.
Tabela 15 - Coordenadas do pórtico em domo - Argyris et al.
| Nó | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{X}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Y}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Z}} | |
| ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{cm}}}
) |
( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{cm}}}
) |
( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{cm}}}
) |
||
| 1 | 0,000 | 610,000 | 0,000 | |
| 2 | 628,500 | 455,000 | 1088,500 | |
| 3 | 1257,000 | 455,000 | 0,000 | |
| 4 | 628,500 | 455,000 | -1088,500 | |
| 5 | -628,500 | 455,000 | -1088,500 | |
| 6 | -1257,000 | 455,000 | 0,000 | |
| 7 | -628,500 | 455,000 | 1088,500 | |
| 8 | 1219,000 | 0,000 | 2111,500 | |
| 9 | 2438,000 | 0,000 | 0,000 | |
| 10 | 1219,000 | 0,000 | -2111,500 | |
| 11 | -1219,000 | 0,000 | -2111,500 | |
| 12 | -2438,000 | 0,000 | 0,000 | |
| 13 | -1219,000 | 0,000 | 2111,500 |
Tabela 16 - Características físicas do pórtico em domo - Argyris et al.
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Elem.}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \boldsymbol{N\acute{o}\, I} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \boldsymbol{N\acute{o}\, F} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \boldsymbol{E} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\mathit{\boldsymbol{\sigma }}}_{\mathit{\boldsymbol{p}}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \boldsymbol{\nu } | |
| ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{kN/c}}{\mathit{\boldsymbol{m}}}^{\mathit{\boldsymbol{2}}}\mathit{\boldsymbol{)}}} | ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{kN/c}}{\mathit{\boldsymbol{m}}}^{\mathit{\boldsymbol{2}}}\mathit{\boldsymbol{)}}} | |||||
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 2068,0 | 8,0 | 0,1716 | |
| 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||
| 3 | 1 | 4 | ||||
| 4 | 1 | 5 | ||||
| 5 | 1 | 6 | ||||
| 6 | 1 | 7 | ||||
| 7 | 2 | 3 | ||||
| 8 | 3 | 4 | ||||
| 9 | 5 | 4 | ||||
| 10 | 5 | 6 | ||||
| 11 | 6 | 7 | ||||
| 12 | 7 | 2 | ||||
| 13 | 2 | 8 | ||||
| 14 | 3 | 9 | ||||
| 15 | 4 | 10 | ||||
| 16 | 5 | 11 | ||||
| 17 | 6 | 12 | ||||
| 18 | 7 | 13 | ||||
Tabela 17 - Propriedades do material do pórtico em domo - Argyris et al.
| Elemento | Seção transversal |
| 1 a 18 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): A=9272,000\, c{m}^{2} |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle b=76\, cm}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle h=} Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 122\, cm | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {I}_{z}=1,150\times {10}^{7}\, c{m}^{4} | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {I}_{x}=1,596\times {10}^{7}\, c{m}^{4} | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {I}_{y}=4,463\times {10}^{6}\, c{m}^{4} | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {M}_{zp}=2,262\times {10}^{6}\, kN\times cm | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {M}_{xp}=6,533\times {10}^{9}\, kN\times cm | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {M}_{yp}=1,409\times {10}^{6}\, kN\times cm | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {F}_{zp}=4,282\times {10}^{4}\, kN | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {F}_{xp}=7,416\times {10}^{4}\, kN | |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {F}_{yp}=4,282\times {10}^{4}\, kN |
As cargas aplicadas são as seguintes:
Tabela 18 – Cargas aplicadas do pórtico em domo - Argyris et al.
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{N\acute{o}}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{\mathit{\boldsymbol{x}}}\mathit{\boldsymbol{\, (kN)}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{\mathit{\boldsymbol{y}}}\mathit{\boldsymbol{\, (kN)}}} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\mathit{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{\mathit{\boldsymbol{z}}}\mathit{\boldsymbol{\, (kN)}} |
| 1 | 0,000 | -1,000 | 0,000 |
As funções utilizadas no caso são as Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{1}}
, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{2}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{3}}
, equações ( 28 ), ( 29 ) e ( 30 ), respectivamente.
Os resultados e discussões dos estudos de caso 1 a 3 são apresentados.
Os resultados dos estudos, s. O número de elementos plastificados foram 3 (três) para todas as funções e a quantidade de rótulas 5 (cinco). Os caminhos da formação das rótulas são apresentados na Tabela 19.
Tabela 19 e Figura 11, com as 3 (três) funções Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{4},\, {f}_{5}\, e\, {f}_{6}\, \,}
mostram que os resultados estão mais próximos da solução do ABAQUS de 20 elementos de Thai e Kim [11] que teve o fator de carga entre 1 e 1,2. Do ponto de vista estatístico, a melhor solução seria a função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{4}}
, depois Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{6}}
e por último Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{5}}
. No entanto, a carga limite de Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{5}}
é que se aproxima melhor aos resultados de Thai e Kim [11] com fatores de carga próximos a 0,8. Se levarmos em conta a solução de 20 elementos do ABACUS de Thai e Kim [11], a função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{4}}
foi de fato a melhor corroborando com os resultados estatísticos. O número de elementos plastificados foram 3 (três) para todas as funções e a quantidade de rótulas 5 (cinco). Os caminhos da formação das rótulas são apresentados na Tabela 19.
Tabela 19 – Rótulas plásticas – pórtico plano - Thai e Kim.
| função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{4}} | |||
| Elemento | Nó | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{\lambda }} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Carga\, limite\, (kN)}} |
| 1 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,108246\times {10}^{5} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 309,146 |
| 2 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,841207\times {10}^{4} | ||
| 2 | 2 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,227389\times {10}^{2} | |
| 3 | 3 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,844737\times {10}^{4} | |
| 4 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,108410\times {10}^{5}
|
| função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{5}} | |||
| Elemento | Nó | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{\lambda }} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Carga\, limite\, (kN)}} |
| 1 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,106273\times {10}^{5} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 300,431 |
| 2 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,208395\times {10}^{4} | ||
| 2 | 2 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,626480\times {10}^{4} | |
| 3 | 3 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,836829\times {10}^{4} | |
| 4 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,106452\times {10}^{5}
|
| função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{6}} | |||
| Elemento | Nó | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{\lambda }} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Carga\, limite\, (kN)}} |
| 1 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,114845\times {10}^{5} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 318,103 |
| 2 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,254762\times {10}^{4} | ||
| 2 | 2 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,604007\times {10}^{4} | |
| 3 | 3 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,899557\times {10}^{4} | |
| 4 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,117705\times {10}^{5}
|
Figura 11 – Gráfico carga versus deslocamento horizontal ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {H}_{x})-n\acute{o}\, 2}
- pórtico plano - Thai e Kim.
Os resultados dos estudos, Tabela 20 e Figura 12, com as 3 (três) funções Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{2},\, {f}_{3}\, e\, {f}_{1}\, \,}
mostram que os resultados das cargas limites estão mais elevados do que os de Thai e Kim [11] que teve o valor de 128,82 Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle kN}
. Do ponto de vista estatístico, a melhor solução seria a função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{2}} , depois Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{3}}
e por último Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{1}}
. Neste caso, a carga limite de Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{2}}
é a que realmente se aproxima melhor aos resultados de Thai e Kim [11], confirmando os resultados estatísticos com uma diferença relativa de 4,08% (( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{2}-}
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): Thai)/Thai\, \times 100) . Esta diferença pode ter ocorrido porque os esforços plásticos limites (momentos, cortantes e axial) não existem nos dados de Thai e Kim [11], porém são necessários na teoria apresentada. O número de elementos plastificados foram 10 (dez) para todas as funções e a quantidade de rótulas 12 (doze). Os caminhos da formação das rótulas são apresentados na Tabela 20.
Tabela 20 - Rótulas plásticas – pórtico espacial - Thai e Kim
| função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{1}} | |||
| Elemento | Nó | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{\lambda }} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Carga\, limite\, (kN)}} |
| 1 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,345728\times {10}^{4} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 141,886 |
| 2 | 2 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,353734\times {10}^{4} | |
| 3 | 3 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,348667\times {10}^{4} | |
| 4 | 4 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,350863\times {10}^{4} | |
| 5 | 5 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,308873\times {10}^{4} | |
| 6 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,307316\times {10}^{4} | ||
| 7 | 7 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,306402\times {10}^{4} | |
| 8 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,309575\times {10}^{4} | ||
| 9 | 9 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,899973\times {10}^{3} | |
| 10 | 10 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,933775\times {10}^{3} | |
| 11 | 11 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,984856\times {10}^{3} | |
| 12 | 12 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,849066\times {10}^{3} |
| função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{2}} | |||
| Elemento | Nó | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{\lambda }} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Carga\, limite\, (kN)}} |
| 1 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,321786\times {10}^{4} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 134,077 |
| 2 | 2 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,326692\times {10}^{4} | |
| 3 | 3 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,326692\times {10}^{4} | |
| 4 | 4 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,321786\times {10}^{4} | |
| 5 | 5 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,299500\times {10}^{4} | |
| 6 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,298730\times {10}^{4} | ||
| 7 | 7 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,298730\times {10}^{4} | |
| 8 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,299500\times {10}^{4} | ||
| 9 | 9 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,106747\times {10}^{4} | |
| 10 | 10 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,107793\times {10}^{4} | |
| 11 | 11 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,107793\times {10}^{4} | |
| 12 | 12 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,106747\times {10}^{4} | |
| função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{3}} | |||
| Elemento | Nó | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{\lambda }} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Carga\, limite\, (kN)}} |
| 1 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,345110\times {10}^{4} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 141,900 |
| 2 | 2 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,353048\times {10}^{4} | |
| 3 | 3 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,348312\times {10}^{4} | |
| 4 | 4 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,349939\times {10}^{4} | |
| 5 | 5 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,309236\times {10}^{4} | |
| 6 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,307839\times {10}^{4} | ||
| 7 | 7 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,306698\times {10}^{4} | |
| 8 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,309736\times {10}^{4} | ||
| 9 | 9 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,905438\times {10}^{3} | |
| 10 | 10 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,938623\times {10}^{3} | |
| 11 | 11 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,983798\times {10}^{3} | |
| 12 | 12 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,855577\times {10}^{3} |
Figura 12 - Gráfico carga versus deslocamento horizontal ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {P}_{x})-n\acute{o}\, 12}
- pórtico espacial - Thai e Kim.
Os resultados dos estudos, Tabela 21 e Figura 13, com as 3 (três) funções Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{2},\, {f}_{3}\, e\, {f}_{1}\, \,}
mostram que os resultados das cargas limites estão próximos de Argyris et al [12], visualmente, porque o valor exato não é apresentado. Do ponto de vista estatístico, a melhor solução seria a função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{2}}
, depois Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{3}}
e por último Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{1}}
. Neste caso, a carga limite de Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{3}}
é a que realmente se aproxima melhor aos resultados de Argyris et al [12], visualmente. Porém, esta função não conseguiu avançar o caminho de deslocamento em relação aos demais. Se avaliarmos a trajetória de deslocamento, a função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{2}}
será a melhor e corroborará com os resultados estatísticos. O número de elementos plastificados foram 6 (seis) para as funções Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{1}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{2}}
e a quantidade de rótulas 12 (doze). Já a função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{3}}
foram 6 (seis) elementos e 6 (seis) rótulas. Os caminhos da formação das rótulas são apresentados na Tabela 21.
Tabela 21 - Rótulas plásticas – pórtico espacial - pórtico espacial - Argyris et al.
| função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{1}} | |||
| Elemento | Nó | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{\lambda }} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Carga\, limite\, (MN)}} |
| 1 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,549351 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 51,0815 |
| 2 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,891167 | ||
| 2 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,552499 | |
| 3 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,861987 | ||
| 3 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,564206 | |
| 4 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,883022 | ||
| 4 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,569621 | |
| 5 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,885590 | ||
| 5 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,556237 | |
| 6 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,862806 | ||
| 6 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,541887 | |
| 7 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,934919 |
| função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{2}} | |||
| Elemento | Nó | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{\lambda }} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Carga\, limite\, (MN)}} |
| 1 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 2,63534 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 54,4497 |
| 2 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 2,62747 | ||
| 2 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 2,64188 | |
| 3 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 2,63063 | ||
| 3 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 2,64561 | |
| 4 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 2,63270 | ||
| 4 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 2,64226 | |
| 5 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 2,63100 | ||
| 5 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 2,63496 | |
| 6 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 2,62711 | ||
| 6 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 2,63079 | |
| 7 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 2,62451 | ||
| função Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{3}} | |||
| Elemento | Nó | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{\lambda }} | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \mathit{\boldsymbol{Carga\, limite\, (MN)}} |
| 1 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,227607 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 48,0914 |
| 2 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,227118 | |
| 3 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,226262 | |
| 4 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,224668 | |
| 5 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,224136 | |
| 6 | 1 | Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,225236 |
Figura 13 - Gráfico carga versus deslocamento horizontal ( Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {P}_{y})-n\acute{o}\, 1}
- pórtico espacial - Argyris et al.
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{4}}
para as análises desenvolvidas;
* A regressão linear múltipla se apresenta como uma solução viável para obter funções por análises numéricas e/ou experimentais;
* O processo de formação de rótulas plásticas foi similares para os casos 1 e 2, porém o caso 3 apresentou distinções entre as funções apresentadas com Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{1}}
e Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{2}}
similares e diferente para Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {f}_{3}}
. Isto impactou nos resultados das cargas limites e trajetória de deslocamento do caso 3.
À UFOB, CIMNE/UPC, PECC/UnB e a CAPES.
x
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Published on 01/10/19
Accepted on 25/09/19
Submitted on 06/04/19
Volume 35, Issue 4, 2019
DOI: 10.23967/j.rimni.2019.09.009
Licence: CC BY-NC-SA license