Revision as of 14:21, 18 April 2024

Abstract

Based on the Pasternak two-parameter foundation model, this study establishes a dynamic model for analyzing the deflection of slabs under moving loads. The variational method and reciprocal equal work theorem are employed to obtain the deflection solution. Additionally, the Matlab program is utilized with practical examples to calculate the foundation response modulus under actual conditions when the pavement panel simultaneously transmits shear and bending forces. By fitting measured dynamic deflections with theoretical predictions using the least square method, the response modulus Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle K}

of the foundation is determined. This demonstrates that our proposed model effectively captures the realistic behavior of rigid pavements..

Keywords: Pasternak model, least squares method, foundation reaction modulus

1. Introduction

With the rapid development of China's civil aviation industry, higher performance and safety requirements for airport pavement are inevitable.Currently, the commonly used foundation models include the E.Winkler foundation model and the elastic half-space foundation model. Although the Winkler foundation model theory is simple and intuitive, requiring only one elastic parameter to express ideal elastic foundation characteristics and relating displacement of any point solely to applied stress at that point,it fails to consider soil-ground continuity. In contrast, the elastic half-space foundation model overemphasizes stress diffusion between soil and ground, making calculations more cumbersome and impractical for engineering applications. Consequently, mechanics experts have developed several more reasonable foundation calculation models through extensive experimentation. Zhang et al. [1] and Chen and Liu [2] utilized the Kelvin viscoelastic model under moving load conditions to obtain a relatively accurate foundation reaction modulus. The viscoelastic Winkler dynamic model verified by Xing [3] better reflects actual airport operations. Patil et al. [4] employed Pasternak's two-parameter soil medium as a model to investigate material nonlinearity effects on pavement response in supporting soil medium. Kumar et al. [5] applied a novel finite element-based cyclic response model for rigid pavement design while establishing the period range of moving load within rigid pavement parameters. Airport pavements consist of multiple concrete panels working collectively. This paper selects the Pasternak two-parameter foundation model based on independent parameters:foundation reaction modulus Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle K}

 and shear modulus Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle G}

thereby establishing a dynamic rigid pavement model considering joint load transfer capacity.

2. The formulation of dual-panel motion equations

2.1 The formulation of the equation of motion

Based on the two-parameter foundation, a dynamic model of rigid thin plate pavement on the two-parameter foundation is established, considering boundary shear and bending under moving load [6], where Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathit{\boldsymbol{Q}}}

is the foundation reaction force. The dynamic equation of the two-parameter foundation incorporates two independent parameters: reaction modulus Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle K}
and shear modulus Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle G}

. Figure 1 illustrates the schematic diagram of the two-parameter foundation, while Figure 2 depicts the forces acting on the shear layer [7].

Figure 1. Schematic of a two-parameter foundation model

Figure 2. Forces on the shear layer

According to the Kirchhoff thin plate theory [8] and the theory of elastic mechanics, we establish the motion equation for plates subjected to a two-parameter foundation under dynamic loading as follows:

where:

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle D}

is the flexural stiffness of the plate,

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathrm{\mu}} , the Poisson's ratio

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle M=\rho h} , the areal density

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {\nabla }^{2}=\frac{{\partial }^{2}}{\partial {x}^{2}}+\frac{{\partial }^{2}}{\partial {y}^{2}}} , Laplace operator in two dimensions

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle K} , foundation reaction modulus

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle G} , foundation shear modulus, and

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle w}

is the vertical deflection of the pavement panel.

The aforementioned equation represents the differential equation of motion for the track panel system subjected to a general moving load, denoted as Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle P\left( x,y,t\right)} . In the context of the investigated form of moving load in this study, the equality Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle P\left( x,y,t\right)}

 can be expressed as follows:

The function Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \delta \,}

is represented by Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \delta \left( x\right)}

, and the uniform gliding speed of the aircraft is denoted by Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {v}_{x}} .

2.2 Boundary conditions (shear and bending)

The plate dimensions are defined as length Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle a }

and width Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle  b }

, with simultaneous transfer of shear force and bending moment between the plates in the actual working state. The boundary shear force is generated by the spring support force, where the elastic support rigidity coefficient Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {k}_{1}\,}

represents the boundary condition parameter. Similarly, the bending moment is generated by the spring-supporting moment, with the elastic supporting rigidity coefficient Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {k}_{2}}
representing another boundary condition parameter. Assuming that Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle Y=}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): 0,b

 corresponds to the side where the seam is located, we can express its general formula for boundary conditions as follows:

3. The solution to the equation of motion

3.1 Solving time factors

The variational formulation of Eq. (1) for plate motion is as follows:

The lateral load concentration stands out among them. Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle P=} Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): P\left( x,y,t\right) , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle w=w\left( x,y,t\right)} .

Select a function in the specified format as the solution for the variational equation mentioned above

The mode function of the plate is represented by Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle W\left( x,y\right)} , and the coefficients of the deflection function Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle w\left( x,y,t\right)}

 and load Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle P\left( x,y,t\right)}
 are denoted as Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle T\left( t\right)}
 and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle B\left( t\right)}

, respectively. The variation corresponding to the deflection function Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle w\left( x,y,t\right)}

 is as follows:

Substituting Eqs. (5) and (6) into (4) gives:

where

The computable expression for Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle T(t)}

is as follows:

where, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {w}_{mn}}

represents the natural frequency of undamped free vibration for a thin plate. The first term in Eq. (8) denotes the thin plate's free vibration, while the second term represents its forced vibration.

Among them, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle c_1 }

 and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle  c_2 }
are constants that depend on the initial conditions of motion, while Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle B(t)}
 is dependent on the load characteristics. In this study, the load is considered as a concentrated load Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle  P_0 }

, neglecting its mass. Consequently, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle B(t)}

can be expressed as follows:

According to Eqs. (8) and (9), the dynamic deflection of the plate under the influence of a moving concentrated load P, with zero initial conditions (Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle c_1 =c_2} ), can be determined as follows:

3.2 Solving coordinate factors

In order to address the analytical solution for the bending behavior of diverse boundary plates subjected to moving loads, a four-sided simply supported rectangular plate with dimensions, geometry, and material properties that precisely match those of the actual system is considered as the fundamental model [9], as depicted in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Basic system of board

The plate is subjected to a unit concentration force at the flow coordinate Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \left( \zeta ,\eta \right)} , and the displacement is solved using a trigonometric series

where, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {k}_{m}=\frac{m\pi }{a},\quad {k}_{n}=\frac{n\pi }{b} .

The solution Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {w}_{1}}

 is referred to as the fundamental solution corresponding to the rectangular plate system.

The boundary condition can be simplified as a simply supported boundary by incorporating the corresponding support settlement and constraint moment under actual boundary conditions. The additional support settlement is assumed to be:

The additional constraint torque shall be determined as follows:

The reciprocal theorem of work between the fundamental system and the real system can be utilized to derive:

Set:

Substituting Eqs. (12), (13) and (15) into (14) yields:

Substituting Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {A}_{mn}}

 into Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle W\left( x,y\right)}
  can obtain the mode function expression of the triangular series type:

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \quad \quad \quad +\sum _{m=1}^{\infty }\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{-{B}_{n}\mathrm{cos}\,m\pi \left[ {{k}_{m}}^{2}+\left( 2-\mu \right) {{k}_{n}}^{2}\right] \frac{2}{a}{k}_{m}D}{D{\left( {{k}_{m}}^{2}+{{k}_{n}}^{2}\right) }^{2}-\left[ M{{w}_{mn}}^{2}-K-G\left( {{k}_{m}}^{2}+{{k}_{n}}^{2}\right) \right] }\mathrm{sin}\,{k}_{m}x\mathrm{sin}\,{k}_{n}y
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \quad \quad \quad +\sum _{m=1}^{\infty }\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{{C}_{m}\left[ {{k}_{m}}^{2}+\left( 2-\mu \right) {{k}_{n}}^{2}\right] \frac{2}{b}{k}_{n}D}{D{\left( {{k}_{m}}^{2}+{{k}_{n}}^{2}\right) }^{2}-\left[ M{{w}_{mn}}^{2}-K-G\left( {{k}_{m}}^{2}+{{k}_{n}}^{2}\right) \right] }\mathrm{sin}\,{k}_{m}x\mathrm{sin}\,{k}_{n}y
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \quad \quad \quad +\sum _{m=1}^{\infty }\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{-{D}_{m}\mathrm{cos}\,n\pi \left[ {{k}_{n}}^{2}+\left( 2-\mu \right) {{k}_{m}}^{2}\right] \frac{2}{b}{k}_{n}D}{D{\left( {{k}_{m}}^{2}+{{k}_{n}}^{2}\right) }^{2}-\left[ M{{w}_{mn}}^{2}-K-G\left( {{k}_{m}}^{2}+{{k}_{n}}^{2}\right) \right] }\mathrm{sin}\,{k}_{m}x\mathrm{sin}\,{k}_{n}y
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \quad \quad \quad +\sum _{m=1}^{\infty }\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{{E}_{n}\frac{2}{a}{k}_{m}}{D{\left( {{k}_{m}}^{2}+{{k}_{n}}^{2}\right) }^{2}-\left[ M{{w}_{mn}}^{2}-K-G\left( {{k}_{m}}^{2}+{{k}_{n}}^{2}\right) \right] }\mathrm{sin}\,{k}_{m}x\mathrm{sin}\,{k}_{n}y
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \quad \quad \quad +\sum _{m=1}^{\infty }\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{-{F}_{n}\frac{2}{a}{k}_{m}\mathrm{cos}\,m\pi }{D{\left( {{k}_{m}}^{2}+{{k}_{n}}^{2}\right) }^{2}-\left[ M{{w}_{mn}}^{2}-K-G\left( {{k}_{m}}^{2}+{{k}_{n}}^{2}\right) \right] }\mathrm{sin}\,{k}_{m}x\mathrm{sin}\,{k}_{n}y
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \quad \quad \quad +\sum _{m=1}^{\infty }\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{{G}_{m}\frac{2}{b}{k}_{n}}{D{\left( {{k}_{m}}^{2}+{{k}_{n}}^{2}\right) }^{2}-\left[ M{{w}_{mn}}^{2}-K-G\left( {{k}_{m}}^{2}+{{k}_{n}}^{2}\right) \right] }\mathrm{sin}\,{k}_{m}x\mathrm{sin}\,{k}_{n}y
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): \quad \quad \quad +\sum _{m=1}^{\infty }\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{-{H}_{m}\frac{2}{b}{k}_{n}\mathrm{cos}\,n\pi }{D{\left( {{k}_{m}}^{2}+{{k}_{n}}^{2}\right) }^{2}-\left[ M{{w}_{mn}}^{2}-K-G\left( {{k}_{m}}^{2}+{{k}_{n}}^{2}\right) \right] }\mathrm{sin}\,{k}_{m}x\mathrm{sin}\,{k}_{n}y

Set:

The mode function of the triangular series can only satisfy the condition that the boundary deflection is zero while ensuring homogeneity in the corresponding boundary shear force and bending moment. Therefore, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {w}_{1}} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {w}_{2}} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {w}_{3}}

and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {w}_{4}}
undergo hyperbolic transformations in one of the following directions. Similarly, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {w}_{5}}

, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {w}_{6}} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {w}_{7}}

and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {w}_{8}}
are transformed accordingly.  We can get:

The coordinate factor after the aforementioned transformation not only satisfies the condition of zero boundary deflection but also fulfills equations (12) and (13). In this scenario, the actual system must adhere to boundary conditions (3). The substitution of Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {B}_{n}} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {C}_{m}} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {D}_{m}} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {E}_{n}} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {F}_{n}} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {G}_{m}}

and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {H}_{m}}
into Eq. (3) yields eight equations, the solutions of which provide the corresponding values. Substituting these values into Eq. (17) determines the coordinate factor  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle W\left( x,y\right)}

.

By substituting the coordinate factor Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle W\left( x,y\right)}

 into Eq. (10), one can derive the expression for  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle W\left( x,y,t\right)}
 and obtain an analytical formula for the deflection of the pavement panel

4. The identification of foundation modulus

According to the analytical expression of deflection, the deflection value of the plate can be determined when the reaction modulus Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle K}

of the foundation is fixed. Conversely, if the measured deflection at each measuring point is known, a fitting process can be conducted by establishing an objective function to compare and match the measured dynamic deflection with theoretical dynamic deflection. The program [10] is implemented using Matlab for identifying the response modulus of the foundation. During parameter optimization, an objective function is formulated based on the least squares criterion:

Among them, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mathrm{min}\,\epsilon (K)} , for the objective function, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {w}_{i}}

and  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \overline{{w}_{i}}}
represent the theoretically calculated and measured deflection values of the measurement points, respectively, and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle n}
represents the number of measurement points on the pavement. Adjust Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle K}
one by one to minimize the objective function, and the Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle K}
value at this point is the identified foundation response modulus.

5. Verification of the case

The model and inversion recognition method presented in this paper were utilized to compute the pavement surface of an airport located in Nanjing, with geometric dimensions of Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle a=6} m, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle b=4} m, elastic modulus Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle E=3.5\times 1{0}^{4\, }} MPa, Poisson ratio Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \mu =0.167} , density Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle \rho =2500\, \frac{{\rm kN}}{{\rm m}^{2}}} , thickness Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle h=15.75} mm. Additionally, considered were foundation shear modulus Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle G=35.17 \frac{{\rm N}}{{\rm cm}^{3}}} , rigidity coefficients Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle k1=1.5706\times 1{0}^{4}\frac{{\rm kN}}{{\rm m}}} , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle k2=1.5830\times 1{0}^{4}\frac{{\rm kN}}{{\rm m}}}

as well as loading equipment for aircraft (Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle {P}_{0} =215000}

N).

When the velocity reaches 2.59 m/s and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle y=1.1} m, Table 1 presents both the measured and theoretical deflection values, while Figure 4 illustrates the fitting curve.

m/s and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle y=1.1}

Figure 4. Comparison curve between theoretical deflection and measured deflection

When the velocity reaches 2.79 m/s and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle y=0.68} m, Table 2 presents both the measured and theoretical deflection values, while Figure 5 illustrates the corresponding fitting curve.

m/s and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://mathoid.scipedia.com/localhost/v1/":): {\textstyle y=0.68}

Figure 5. Comparison curve between theoretical deflection and measured deflection

According to Tables 1 and 2, as well as Figures 4 and 5, it is evident that the theoretical deflection values align closely with the measured deflection values. This demonstrates that the dynamic model established in this paper accurately reflects real-world conditions. Furthermore, the stability and convergence of the parameter inversion method used have been proven.

6. Conclusions

(1) This study established a more accurate dynamic model for airport pavement systems, taking into account reasonable assumptions and simplifications of the foundation, loads, boundary conditions, and pavement panels. The model is a rigid thin plate pavement dynamic model that considers boundary shear and bending dual parameter foundation under moving loads. It accurately reflects the actual working state of rigid pavement and can be applied to the design of asphalt and overlay thickness on aircraft rigid pavement;

(2) The methods of variational method and reciprocal work theorem were used in this study to solve the differential equations of motion of the built dynamic system. An analytical solution for deflection was obtained, and an inversion calculation program based on the principle of least squares was compiled. Structural parameters of the rigid pavement panel were inverted and identified based on measured dynamic deflection. The stability, accuracy, and reliability of the identification method were verified through examples.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities(Key Technology Innovation Team for Urban Rail Transit Track Bed);Youth fund project at Xi’an Jiaotong Engineering Institute(2023KY-39) and The Scientific Research Program Funded by Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government (Program No.23JK0532).Hui-min Cao and Han-jun Zhao contributed equally to this work.

References