Olsson 2015a - Revision history

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== Abstract ==

It is agreed that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from energy and transport systems must be reduced. Technical means exist to reduce GHG emissions from these sources. However, these emission-reduction measures are not implemented to a high enough degree. In this thesis, it is assumed that this is because the reduction of GHG emissions from energy and transport systems is a wicked problem. Unlike a tame problem, which has an unambiguous definition and a finite number of well-defined solutions, a wicked problem is difficult to define, and its solutions are often intertwined with the problem. The âwickednessâ of a wicked problem lies in the extreme difficulty of solving the problem, rather than in the problem itself. In this thesis, the wicked problem of reducing GHG emissions from energy and transport systems is studied by applying a sociotechnical systems approach to the introduction of renewable vehicle fuels, the production and use of biogas, the introduction of electric vehicles, and the sustainability of district heating. In addition, this thesis discusses how energy issues are approached in different contexts, and what implications different actions can have on GHG emissions. The analysis shows that a sociotechnical approach to energy systems analysis can offer insights with regard to how system boundaries are handled within GHG-emission assessments and energy and transport policy. By problematising the use of system boundaries in GHG-emission assessments, this thesis explains how attempts to reduce GHG emissions could add to the wicked problem of GHGemission reductions from energy and transport systems. GHG-emission assessments can give very different results depending on system boundaries. While these results can be used in attempts to solve this wicked problem, they can also contribute to complicating it. As solutions to wicked problems are mainly found in policy, the use of system boundaries in policy is studied. Results show that narrow system boundaries in energy and transport policy can hamper sustainable development of energy and transport systems. The use of wider system boundaries could facilitate approaches to solve the wicked problem of reducing GHG emissions from energy and transport systems by making the consequences and effects of policy actions more clearly visible. Det Ã¤r vÃ¤lkÃ¤nt att energi- och transportsystemens utslÃ¤pp av vÃ¤xthusgaser mÃ¥ste minska. Tekniska fÃ¶rutsÃ¤ttningar fÃ¶r att minska utslÃ¤ppen av vÃ¤xthusgaser frÃ¥n anvÃ¤ndning av energi och transporter existerar. ÃndÃ¥ genomfÃ¶rs inte Ã¥tgÃ¤rder fÃ¶r att minska utslÃ¤pp av vÃ¤xthusgaser i tillrÃ¤cklig utstrÃ¤ckning. I fÃ¶religgande avhandling antas detta bero pÃ¥ att minskandet av utslÃ¤pp av vÃ¤xthusgaser frÃ¥n energi- och transportsystem Ã¤r ett âwicked problemâ. Ett sÃ¥dant problem Ã¤r svÃ¥rdefinierat och motstÃ¥ndskraftigt mot lÃ¶sningar, eftersom lÃ¶sningarna ofta Ã¤r sammanflÃ¤tade med problemet. I avhandlingen studeras frÃ¥gan om hur utslÃ¤pp av vÃ¤xthusgaser frÃ¥n energi- och transportsystem kan minska. Introduktion av fÃ¶rnybara drivmedel, produktion och anvÃ¤ndning av biogas, introduktion av elbilar, samt hÃ¥llbarhet i fjÃ¤rrvÃ¤rmesystem Ã¤r omrÃ¥den som studeras med hjÃ¤lp av ett sociotekniskt angreppssÃ¤tt. Detta innebÃ¤r att teknik studeras som en integrerad del av samhÃ¤llet, dÃ¤r teknik bÃ¥de pÃ¥verkar och pÃ¥verkas av aktÃ¶rer och sociala strukturer. Analysen visar att ett sociotekniskt angreppssÃ¤tt kan ge insikter om hur systemgrÃ¤nser hanteras inom energisystemforskning samt inom energi- och transportpolicy. VÃ¤rderingar av vÃ¤xthusgasutslÃ¤pp, som utfÃ¶rs inom energisystemforskning, kan ge vitt skilda resultat beroende pÃ¥ hur det studerade systemet avgrÃ¤nsats. Resultaten kan anvÃ¤ndas i fÃ¶rsÃ¶k att minska utslÃ¤pp av vÃ¤xthusgaser frÃ¥n energi- och transportsystem, men detta kan leda till att problemet fÃ¶rsvÃ¥ras ytterligare. I avhandlingen fÃ¶rklaras detta genom problematisering av systemavgrÃ¤nsningar i vÃ¤rderingar av vÃ¤xthusgasutslÃ¤pp. Eftersom lÃ¶sningar pÃ¥ âwicked problemsâ oftast Ã¥terfinns inom policy, studeras Ã¤ven systemavgrÃ¤nsningar i policy. Det visas att snÃ¤va systemgrÃ¤nser inom energi- och transportpolicy kan hindra hÃ¥llbar utveckling av energi- och transportsystem. Vidgade systemgrÃ¤nser skulle kunna underlÃ¤tta ansatser att minska utslÃ¤pp av vÃ¤xthusgaser frÃ¥n energi och transportsystem genom att synliggÃ¶ra konsekvenser och effekter av policyÃ¥tgÃ¤rder.

== Original document ==

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

* [http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:799868/FULLTEXT01 http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:799868/FULLTEXT01]

* [http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-116685 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-116685]

* [http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:799868/FULLTEXT01.pdf http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:799868/FULLTEXT01.pdf],
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/diss.diva-116685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/diss.diva-116685]

* [http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:799868/FULLTEXT01.pdf http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:799868/FULLTEXT01.pdf],
: [https://core.ac.uk/display/41224221 https://core.ac.uk/display/41224221],
: [http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A799868 http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A799868],
: [http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-116685 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-116685],
: [https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=1360820 https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=1360820],
: [http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:799868 http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:799868],
: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/260015253 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/260015253]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:33, 26 January 2021
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	== Abstract ==		== Abstract ==

−	It is agreed that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from energy and transport systems must be reduced. Technical means exist to reduce GHG emissions from these sources. However, these emission-reduction measures are not implemented to a high enough degree. In this thesis, it is assumed that this is because the reduction of GHG emissions from energy and transport systems is a wicked problem. Unlike a tame problem, which has an unambiguous definition and a finite number of well-defined solutions, a wicked problem is difficult to define, and its solutions are often intertwined with the problem. The ~~âwickednessâ~~ of a wicked problem lies in the extreme difficulty of solving the problem, rather than in the problem itself. In this thesis, the wicked problem of reducing GHG emissions from energy and transport systems is studied by applying a sociotechnical systems approach to the introduction of renewable vehicle fuels, the production and use of biogas, the introduction of electric vehicles, and the sustainability of district heating. In addition, this thesis discusses how energy issues are approached in different contexts, and what implications different actions can have on GHG emissions. The analysis shows that a sociotechnical approach to energy systems analysis can offer insights with regard to how system boundaries are handled within GHG-emission assessments and energy and transport policy. By problematising the use of system boundaries in GHG-emission assessments, this thesis explains how attempts to reduce GHG emissions could add to the wicked problem of GHGemission reductions from energy and transport systems. GHG-emission assessments can give very different results depending on system boundaries. While these results can be used in attempts to solve this wicked problem, they can also contribute to complicating it. As solutions to wicked problems are mainly found in policy, the use of system boundaries in policy is studied. Results show that narrow system boundaries in energy and transport policy can hamper sustainable development of energy and transport systems. The use of wider system boundaries could facilitate approaches to solve the wicked problem of reducing GHG emissions from energy and transport systems by making the consequences and effects of policy actions more clearly visible. Det ~~Ã¤r vÃ¤lkÃ¤nt~~ att energi- och transportsystemens ~~utslÃ¤pp~~ av ~~vÃ¤xthusgaser mÃ¥ste~~ minska. Tekniska ~~fÃ¶rutsÃ¤ttningar fÃ¶r~~ att minska ~~utslÃ¤ppen~~ av ~~vÃ¤xthusgaser frÃ¥n anvÃ¤ndning~~ av energi och transporter existerar. ~~ÃndÃ¥ genomfÃ¶rs~~ inte ~~Ã¥tgÃ¤rder fÃ¶r~~ att minska ~~utslÃ¤pp~~ av ~~vÃ¤xthusgaser~~ i ~~tillrÃ¤cklig utstrÃ¤ckning~~. I ~~fÃ¶religgande~~ avhandling antas detta bero ~~pÃ¥~~ att minskandet av ~~utslÃ¤pp~~ av ~~vÃ¤xthusgaser frÃ¥n~~ energi- och transportsystem ~~Ã¤r~~ ett ~~âwicked problemâ~~. Ett ~~sÃ¥dant~~ problem ~~Ã¤r svÃ¥rdefinierat~~ och ~~motstÃ¥ndskraftigt~~ mot ~~lÃ¶sningar~~, eftersom ~~lÃ¶sningarna~~ ofta ~~Ã¤r sammanflÃ¤tade~~ med problemet. I avhandlingen studeras ~~frÃ¥gan~~ om hur ~~utslÃ¤pp~~ av ~~vÃ¤xthusgaser frÃ¥n~~ energi- och transportsystem kan minska. Introduktion av ~~fÃ¶rnybara~~ drivmedel, produktion och ~~anvÃ¤ndning~~ av biogas, introduktion av elbilar, samt ~~hÃ¥llbarhet~~ i ~~fjÃ¤rrvÃ¤rmesystem Ã¤r omrÃ¥den~~ som studeras med ~~hjÃ¤lp~~ av ett sociotekniskt ~~angreppssÃ¤tt~~. Detta ~~innebÃ¤r~~ att teknik studeras som en integrerad del av ~~samhÃ¤llet~~, ~~dÃ¤r~~ teknik ~~bÃ¥de pÃ¥verkar~~ och ~~pÃ¥verkas~~ av ~~aktÃ¶rer~~ och sociala strukturer. Analysen visar att ett sociotekniskt ~~angreppssÃ¤tt~~ kan ge insikter om hur ~~systemgrÃ¤nser~~ hanteras inom energisystemforskning samt inom energi- och transportpolicy. ~~VÃ¤rderingar~~ av ~~vÃ¤xthusgasutslÃ¤pp~~, som ~~utfÃ¶rs~~ inom energisystemforskning, kan ge vitt skilda resultat beroende ~~pÃ¥~~ hur det studerade systemet ~~avgrÃ¤nsats~~. Resultaten kan ~~anvÃ¤ndas~~ i ~~fÃ¶rsÃ¶k~~ att minska ~~utslÃ¤pp~~ av ~~vÃ¤xthusgaser frÃ¥n~~ energi- och transportsystem, men detta kan leda till att problemet ~~fÃ¶rsvÃ¥ras~~ ytterligare. I avhandlingen ~~fÃ¶rklaras~~ detta genom problematisering av ~~systemavgrÃ¤nsningar~~ i ~~vÃ¤rderingar~~ av ~~vÃ¤xthusgasutslÃ¤pp~~. Eftersom ~~lÃ¶sningar pÃ¥ âwicked problemsâ~~ oftast ~~Ã¥terfinns~~ inom policy, studeras ~~Ã¤ven systemavgrÃ¤nsningar~~ i policy. Det visas att ~~snÃ¤va systemgrÃ¤nser~~ inom energi- och transportpolicy kan hindra ~~hÃ¥llbar~~ utveckling av energi- och transportsystem. Vidgade ~~systemgrÃ¤nser~~ skulle kunna ~~underlÃ¤tta~~ ansatser att minska ~~utslÃ¤pp~~ av ~~vÃ¤xthusgaser frÃ¥n~~ energi och transportsystem genom att ~~synliggÃ¶ra~~ konsekvenser och effekter av ~~policyÃ¥tgÃ¤rder~~.	+	It is agreed that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from energy and transport systems must be reduced. Technical means exist to reduce GHG emissions from these sources. However, these emission-reduction measures are not implemented to a high enough degree. In this thesis, it is assumed that this is because the reduction of GHG emissions from energy and transport systems is a wicked problem. Unlike a tame problem, which has an unambiguous definition and a finite number of well-defined solutions, a wicked problem is difficult to define, and its solutions are often intertwined with the problem. The “wickedness” of a wicked problem lies in the extreme difficulty of solving the problem, rather than in the problem itself. In this thesis, the wicked problem of reducing GHG emissions from energy and transport systems is studied by applying a sociotechnical systems approach to the introduction of renewable vehicle fuels, the production and use of biogas, the introduction of electric vehicles, and the sustainability of district heating. In addition, this thesis discusses how energy issues are approached in different contexts, and what implications different actions can have on GHG emissions. The analysis shows that a sociotechnical approach to energy systems analysis can offer insights with regard to how system boundaries are handled within GHG-emission assessments and energy and transport policy. By problematising the use of system boundaries in GHG-emission assessments, this thesis explains how attempts to reduce GHG emissions could add to the wicked problem of GHGemission reductions from energy and transport systems. GHG-emission assessments can give very different results depending on system boundaries. While these results can be used in attempts to solve this wicked problem, they can also contribute to complicating it. As solutions to wicked problems are mainly found in policy, the use of system boundaries in policy is studied. Results show that narrow system boundaries in energy and transport policy can hamper sustainable development of energy and transport systems. The use of wider system boundaries could facilitate approaches to solve the wicked problem of reducing GHG emissions from energy and transport systems by making the consequences and effects of policy actions more clearly visible. Det är välkänt att energi- och transportsystemens utsläpp av växthusgaser måste minska. Tekniska förutsättningar för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser från användning av energi och transporter existerar. Ändå genomförs inte åtgärder för att minska utsläpp av växthusgaser i tillräcklig utsträckning. I föreliggande avhandling antas detta bero på att minskandet av utsläpp av växthusgaser från energi- och transportsystem är ett ’wicked problem’. Ett sådant problem är svårdefinierat och motståndskraftigt mot lösningar, eftersom lösningarna ofta är sammanflätade med problemet. I avhandlingen studeras frågan om hur utsläpp av växthusgaser från energi- och transportsystem kan minska. Introduktion av förnybara drivmedel, produktion och användning av biogas, introduktion av elbilar, samt hållbarhet i fjärrvärmesystem är områden som studeras med hjälp av ett sociotekniskt angreppssätt. Detta innebär att teknik studeras som en integrerad del av samhället, där teknik både påverkar och påverkas av aktörer och sociala strukturer. Analysen visar att ett sociotekniskt angreppssätt kan ge insikter om hur systemgränser hanteras inom energisystemforskning samt inom energi- och transportpolicy. Värderingar av växthusgasutsläpp, som utförs inom energisystemforskning, kan ge vitt skilda resultat beroende på hur det studerade systemet avgränsats. Resultaten kan användas i försök att minska utsläpp av växthusgaser från energi- och transportsystem, men detta kan leda till att problemet försvåras ytterligare. I avhandlingen förklaras detta genom problematisering av systemavgränsningar i värderingar av växthusgasutsläpp. Eftersom lösningar på ’wicked problems’ oftast återfinns inom policy, studeras även systemavgränsningar i policy. Det visas att snäva systemgränser inom energi- och transportpolicy kan hindra hållbar utveckling av energi- och transportsystem. Vidgade systemgränser skulle kunna underlätta ansatser att minska utsläpp av växthusgaser från energi och transportsystem genom att synliggöra konsekvenser och effekter av policyåtgärder.

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