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== Abstract ==

Roofs are complex elements of heritage structures which are not only meant to
protect the building from exterior methodological factors but are also defining the skyline of a
city while highlighting the importance and aesthetics of the building they belong to. However,
in seismic areas, roof structures prove out to either trigger the out-of-plane behaviour of
historic masonry buildings [1] or reduce the horizontal displacement, depending on their type
and their connection to the masonry walls [2]. The study is therefore aiming do highlight the
effect of common roof structure types from Timisoara, a city placed in the western part of
Romania, subjected to shallow earthquakes, on the seismic behaviour of a local type of masonry
structure, with a ground-floor and 2 upper floors, from the 18th century.
Throughout the study, three different types of roof structures were placed on the same masonry
building and the out-of-plane horizontal displacement, inter-story drift, damage level and
internal forces were assessed. The main scope of the study is to highlight how the chosen roof
structures from the 18th, 19th and 20th century, would influence the behaviour of a masonry
building during seismic events. Detailed numerical simulations using finite element models of
the building and the three roof structures were performed in order to obtain the four assessed
parameters, which prove that, depending on the connection to the masonry walls and the state
of conservation of the timber elements, roof structures would significantly improve the seismic
behaviour of historic masonry buildings in this area.

== Full document ==
<pdf>Media:Draft_Content_207792030p768.pdf</pdf>
== References ==

[1] Parisi, M.A. and Chesi, C. Seismic vulnerability of traditional buildings: the effect of roof-masonry walls interaction. In: Tenth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering Frontiers of Earthquake Engineering.Anchorage, Alaska (2014).

[2] Keller, A. Chieffo, N. and Mosoarca, M. Influence of roof structures on seismic behavior of historic buildings. In: Mazzolani F (eds.). 3rd International Conference on Protection Of Historical Constructions, PROHITECH’17 (2017).

[3] Touliatos, P. Traditional aseismic techniques in Greece. In: Mendés V (eds.). Proceedings of the Interantional Workshop Les sytèmes nationaux faces aux seismes majeurs. Lisbon, Portugal, (1993), pp. 110–124.

[4] Ortega, J. Vasconcelos, G. Rodrigues, H. and Correia, M. Local seismic cultures: The use of timber frame structures in the south of Portugal. In: Cruz H (eds.). Historical Earthquake-Resistant Timber Framing in the Mediterranean Area. Springer, (2016), pp. 101–111.

[5] Parisi, M.A. and Piazza, M. Seismic behavior and retrofitting of joints in traditional timber roof structures. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng (2002) 22(9–12):1183–1191.

[6] Parisi, M.A. Chesi, C. Tardini, C. and Piazza, M. Seismic vulnerability and preservation of timber roof structures. In: Dina D (eds.). Structural Analysis of Historic Construction.Bath, United Kingdom, (2008), pp. 1253–1260.

[7] Touliatos, P. The box framed entity and function of the structures: the importance o wood’s role. In: Conservation of historic wooden structures: proceedings of the international conference. Florence, Italy, (2005), pp. 52–64.

[8] Giongo, I. Dizhur, D. Tomasi, R. and Ingham, J.M. In-plane assessment of existing timber diaphragms in URM buildings via quasi-static and dynamic in-situ tests. In: Advanced Materials Research. (2013), pp. 495–502.

[9] Parisi, M.A. Chesi, C. and Tardini, C. The role of timber roof structures in the seismic response of traditional buildings. In: 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Lisbon, Portugal, (2012).

[10] Parisi, M.A. Chesi, C. Tardini, C. and Piazza, M. Seismic vulnerability assessment for timber roof structures. In: The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Beijing, China, (2008), pp. 12–17.

[11] Keller, A. Parisi, M.A. Tsakanika, E. and Mosoarca, M. Influence of historic roof structures on the seismic behaviour of masonry structures. Proc Inst Civ Eng - Struct Build (2019):1–27.

[12] Nemetschek. SCIA Engineer User Manual. (2013).

[13] Marin, M. Roman, L. and Roman, O. Earthquakes in the Banat area - Timisoara (in Romanian). Bul AGIR (2011) 2:23–27.

[14] Oros, E. Earthquakes in the Banat plain (in Romanian). Graffiti, Timisoara, Romania, (1991).

[15] Oros, E. and Diaconescu, M. Recent vs. historical seismicity analysis for Banat seismic region (western part of Romania). In: Vacareanu R (eds.). Proceedings of the 5th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering and 1st National Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology. CONSPRESS, (2014)

[16] Oros, E. Popa, M. and Moldovan, I.A. Seismological database for Banat seismic region (Romania)-part 1: the parametric earthquake catalogue. Rom J Phys (2008) 53(7–8):955– 964.

[17] Descamps, T. and Lemlyn, P. Effects of the rotational, axial and transversal stiffness of the joints on the static response of old timber framings. In: Mazzolani F (eds.). Protection of Historical Buildings, PROHITECH 09. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Rome, Itlay, (2009), pp. 291–286.

[18] Branco, J.M. and Descamps, T. Analysis and strengthening of carpentry joints. Constr Build Mater (2015) 97:34–47.

[19] Heimeshoff, B. and Kohler, N. Assessment of the structural behaviour of timber joints (in german). Munchen, (1989).

[20] Meisel, A. Historische Dachwerke Beurteilung, realitätsnahe statische Analyse und Instandsetzung. Monographi. Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz, Graz, (2015).

[21] Holzer, S.M. Statische Beurteilung historischer Tragwerke. Band 2, Holzkonstruktionen. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, (2015).

[22] Holzer, S.M. Analysis of historical timber structures. In: Van Balen & Verstrynge (eds.). Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions – Anamnesis, diagnosis, therapy, controls.Taylor & Francis Group, Leuven, Belgium, (2016), pp. 1203–1210.

[23] Vicente, R. D’Ayala, D. Ferreira, T.M. Varum, H. Costa, A. da Silva, M. et al. Seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of historic masonry buildings. In: Structural Rehabilitation of Old Buildings. (2014), pp. 307–348.

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Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 207792030 to Keller Mosoarca 2021a

Scipediacontent: Created page with "== Abstract == Roofs are complex elements of heritage structures which are not only meant to protect the building from exterior methodological factors but are al..."