Happee et al 2020a - Revision history

Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 322259542 to Happee et al 2020a

2021-02-15T09:11:13Z

Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 322259542 to Happee et al 2020a

Scipediacontent: Created page with " == Abstract == In
2021-02-15T09:11:10Z

Created page with " == Abstract == In<?tex id="Q1" staff-cmt="As per style “The Nertherlands” in country name should not contain, hence we ignored the authors corrections. Please..."

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== Abstract ==

In<?tex id="Q1" staff-cmt="As per style “The Nertherlands” in country name should not contain, hence we ignored the authors corrections. Please check and confirm."?> highly automated driving, the driver can engage in a nondriving task but sometimes has to take over control. We argue that current takeover quality measures, such as the maximum longitudinal acceleration, are insufficient because they ignore the criticality of the scenario. This paper proposes a novel method of quantifying how well the driver executed an automation-to-manual takeover by comparing human behaviour to optimised behaviour as computed using a trajectory planner. A human-in-the-loop study was carried out in a high-fidelity 6-DOF driving simulator with 25 participants. The takeover required a lane change to avoid roadworks on the ego-lane while taking other traffic into consideration. Each participant encountered six different takeover scenarios, with a different time budget (5 s, 7 s, or 20 s) and traffic density level (low or medium). Results showed that drivers exhibited a considerably higher longitudinal and lateral acceleration than the optimised behaviour, especially in the short time budget scenarios. In scenarios of medium traffic density, the trajectory planner showed a moderate deceleration to let a vehicle in the left lane pass; many participants, on the other hand, did not decelerate before making a lane change, resulting in a dangerous emergency brake of the left-lane vehicle. In conclusion, our results illustrate the value of assessing human takeover behaviour relative to optimised behaviour. Using the trajectory planner, we showed that human drivers are unable to behave optimally in urgent scenarios and that, in some conditions, a medium deceleration, as opposed to a maximal or minimal deceleration, is optimal.

Document type: Article

== Full document ==
<pdf>Media:Draft_Content_322259542-beopen676-5358-document.pdf</pdf>

== Original document ==

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6173150 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6173150] under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

* [http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1b72b5e1-aa9e-4167-85f2-d88cb367cecc http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1b72b5e1-aa9e-4167-85f2-d88cb367cecc]

* [https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6173150 https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6173150]

* [http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jat/2020/6173150.pdf http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jat/2020/6173150.pdf],
: [http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jat/2020/6173150.xml http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jat/2020/6173150.xml],
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6173150 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6173150] under the license cc-by

* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6173150 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6173150],
: [https://doaj.org/toc/0197-6729 https://doaj.org/toc/0197-6729],
: [https://doaj.org/toc/2042-3195 https://doaj.org/toc/2042-3195] under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

* [http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1b72b5e1-aa9e-4167-85f2-d88cb367cecc http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1b72b5e1-aa9e-4167-85f2-d88cb367cecc],
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6173150 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6173150]

* [https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jat/2020/6173150 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jat/2020/6173150],
: [http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jat/2020/6173150.pdf http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jat/2020/6173150.pdf],
: [https://www.narcis.nl/publication/RecordID/oai%3Atudelft.nl%3Auuid%3A1b72b5e1-aa9e-4167-85f2-d88cb367cecc https://www.narcis.nl/publication/RecordID/oai%3Atudelft.nl%3Auuid%3A1b72b5e1-aa9e-4167-85f2-d88cb367cecc],
: [https://research.tudelft.nl/en/publications/takeover-quality-assessing-the-effects-of-time-budget-and-traffic https://research.tudelft.nl/en/publications/takeover-quality-assessing-the-effects-of-time-budget-and-traffic],
: [https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:1b72b5e1-aa9e-4167-85f2-d88cb367cecc/datastream/OBJ/download https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:1b72b5e1-aa9e-4167-85f2-d88cb367cecc/datastream/OBJ/download],
: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/3040171481 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/3040171481]