Ardila-Gomez Ortegon-Sanchez 2015a - Revision history

Scipediacontent at 10:19, 25 January 2021

2021-01-25T10:19:49Z

Scipediacontent at 10:19, 25 January 2021

2021-01-25T10:19:37Z

Scipediacontent at 15:09, 21 January 2021

2021-01-21T15:09:03Z

Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 546665706 to Ardila-Gomez Ortegon-Sanchez 2015a

2020-10-14T14:38:45Z

Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 546665706 to Ardila-Gomez Ortegon-Sanchez 2015a

Scipediacontent: Created page with " == Abstract == Urban transport systems are essential for economic development and improving citizens' quality of life. To establish high-quality and affordable transport sys..."

2020-10-14T14:38:43Z

Created page with " == Abstract == Urban transport systems are essential for economic development and improving citizens' quality of life. To establish high-quality and affordable transport sys..."

New page

== Abstract ==

Urban transport systems are essential for economic development and improving citizens' quality of life. To establish high-quality and affordable transport systems, cities must ensure their financial sustainability to fund new investments in infrastructure while also funding maintenance and operation of existing facilities and services. However, many cities in developing countries are stuck in an "underfunding trap" for urban transport, in which large up-front investments are needed for new transport infrastructure that will improve the still small-scale, and perhaps, poor-quality systems, but revenue is insufficient to cover maintenance and operation expenses, let alone new investment projects. The urban transport financing gap in these cities is further widened by the implicit subsidies for the use of private cars, which represent a minority of trips but contribute huge costs in terms of congestion, sprawl, accidents, and pollution. Using an analytical framework based on the concept of "Who Benefits Pays," 24 types of financing instruments are assessed in terms of their social, economic and environmental impacts and their ability to fund urban transport capital investments, operational expenses, and maintenance. Urban transport financing needs to be based on an appropriate mix of complementary financing instruments. In particular for capital investments, a combination of grants from multiple levels of government and loans together with investments through public private partnerships could finance large projects that benefit society. Moreover, the property tax emerges as a key financing instrument for capital, operation, and maintenance expenses. By choosing the most appropriate mix of financing instruments and focusing on wise investments, cities can design comprehensive financing for all types of urban transport projects, using multi-level innovative revenue sources that promote efficient pricing schemes, increase overall revenue, strengthen sustainable transport, and cover capital investments, operation, and maintenance for all parts of a public transport system, "from the sidewalk to the subway."

Document type: Book

== Full document ==
<pdf>Media:Draft_Content_546665706-beopen1061-8608-document.pdf</pdf>

== Original document ==

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0756-5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0756-5]

* [http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23521 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23521] under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo

* [https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/10986/23521/1/9781464807565.pdf https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/10986/23521/1/9781464807565.pdf] under the license cc-by

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:19, 25 January 2021
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	== Full document ==		== Full document ==
−	<pdf>Media:Ardila-Gomez_Ortegon-Sanchez_2015a-~~beopen1205~~-~~1426~~-document.pdf</pdf>	+	<pdf>Media:Ardila-Gomez_Ortegon-Sanchez_2015a-beopen1206-5630-document.pdf</pdf>

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:19, 25 January 2021
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	Document type: Book		Document type: Book
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		+	== Full document ==
		+	<pdf>Media:Ardila-Gomez_Ortegon-Sanchez_2015a-beopen1205-1426-document.pdf</pdf>

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 == Abstract ==
-Urban transport systems are essential for economic development and improving citizens' quality of life. To establish high-quality and affordable transport systems, cities must ensure their financial sustainability to fund new investments in infrastructure while also funding maintenance and operation of existing facilities and services. However, many cities in developing countries are stuck in an "underfunding trap" for urban transport, in which large up-front investments are needed for new transport infrastructure that will improve the still small-scale, and perhaps, poor-quality systems,  but revenue is insufficient to cover maintenance and operation expenses, let alone new investment projects. The urban transport financing gap in these cities is further widened by the implicit subsidies for the use of private cars, which represent a minority of trips but contribute huge costs in terms of congestion, sprawl, accidents, and pollution. Using an analytical framework based on the concept of "Who Benefits Pays," 24 types of financing instruments are assessed in terms of their social, economic and environmental impacts and their ability to fund urban transport capital investments, operational expenses, and maintenance. Urban transport financing needs to be based on an appropriate mix of complementary financing instruments. In particular for capital investments, a combination of grants from multiple levels of government and loans together with investments through public private partnerships could finance large projects that benefit society. Moreover, the property tax emerges as a key financing instrument for capital, operation, and maintenance expenses. By choosing the most appropriate mix of financing instruments and focusing on wise investments, cities can design comprehensive financing for all types of urban transport projects, using multi-level innovative revenue sources that promote efficient pricing schemes, increase overall revenue, strengthen sustainable transport, and cover capital investments, operation, and maintenance for all parts of a public transport system, "from the sidewalk to the subway."
+Urban transport systems are essential for economic development and improving citizens' quality of life. To establish high-quality and affordable transport systems, cities must ensure their financial sustainability to fund new investments in infrastructure while also funding maintenance and operation of existing facilities and services. However, many cities in developing countries are stuck in an "underfunding trap" for urban transport, in which large up-front investments are needed for new transport infrastructure that will improve the still small-scale, and perhaps, poor-quality systems,  but revenue is insufficient to cover maintenance and operation expenses, let alone new investment projects. The urban transport financing gap in these cities is further widened by the implicit subsidies for the use of private cars, which represent a minority of trips but contribute huge costs in terms of congestion, sprawl, accidents, and pollution.  Using an analytical framework based on the concept of "Who Benefits Pays," 24 types of financing instruments are assessed in terms of their social, economic and environmental impacts and their ability to fund urban transport capital investments, operational expenses, and maintenance.  Urban transport financing needs to be based on an appropriate mix of complementary financing instruments. In particular for capital investments, a combination of grants âfrom multiple levels of governmentâ and loans together with investments through public private partnerships could finance large projects that benefit society. Moreover, the property tax emerges as a key financing instrument for capital, operation, and maintenance expenses.  By choosing the most appropriate mix of financing instruments and focusing on wise investments, cities can design comprehensive financing for all types of urban transport projects, using multi-level innovative revenue sources that promote efficient pricing schemes, increase overall revenue, strengthen sustainable transport, and cover capital investments, operation, and maintenance for all parts of a public transport system, "from the sidewalk to the subway."
 Document type: Book
@@ Line 14: / Line 11: @@
 The different versions of the original document can be found in:
-* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0756-5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0756-5]
+* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0756-5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0756-5] under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by
-* [http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23521 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23521] under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
+* [https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/10986/23521/1/9781464807565.pdf https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/10986/23521/1/9781464807565.pdf] under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
-* [https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/10986/23521/1/9781464807565.pdf https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/10986/23521/1/9781464807565.pdf] under the license cc-by
+ under the license cc-by

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