Colloquiam: Documents published in 2022

EVALUATING STATE REGULATORY ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY FROM CITIZEN PERSPECTIVE: BRIEF SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY RESULTS

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 22 Nov 2022 10:43:02 +0100

Enhancing state regulatory enforcement activity aimed at minimizing risks to the public values (such as health, property, personal data, environment, and cultural heritage) is one of the key priorities of the current governance agenda in Russia. Therefore, monitoring studies intended to identify public perception of the efficiency and effectiveness of regulatory enforcement activities are highly relevant. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the dynamics of the public perceptions of the regulatory authorities’ performance in 2018 – 2011. The subject of the study is regulatory enforcement activities aimed at reducing risks to the public values. The method of the study is a representative sociological survey of the public conducted in 2021. The findings of the survey are then compared to those obtained from previous rounds of the research carried out in 2018, 2019, and 2020. The results presented in the paper contain an analysis of the dynamics in public perception of the effectiveness and efficiency of the state regulatory authorities. The paper concludes that while there are some positive trends in the public perception of the safety of public values from most of the controlled risks, the overall perception of safety levels is unsatisfactory. Most respondents find that the safety of public values is insufficient. Notably, the trends in public perception vary depending on the risk type. The greatest progress is noted in ensuring safety from environmental risks and the risks associated with healthcare services. On the contrary, the public perception of personal data protection is trending downwards. Public perceptions of the regulatory authorities’ performance in processing public complaints have not changed significantly. The novelty of the study is related to the collection and generalization of empirical data on the public assessment of effectiveness and efficiency of the state regulatory authorities based on the annual sociological surveys conducted since 2018. The paper highlights the need for further improvements in state regulatory enforcement activities. In particular, the study recommends streamlining the procedures for handling citizen complaints to state regulatory enforcement bodies and taking additional measures to ensure the protection of personal data and privacy

"Moments of mocking cynicism": gaining dignity through the humiliation of the humiliating

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 22 Nov 2022 10:33:02 +0100

An article about bringing to justice the comic in the narratives of the Jewish national movement or the movement of refuseniks, in the late USSR, about the consequences both on late oral and written sensations, and on synchronous movements of letters to the authorities and foreign samples. Comic episodes and ironic passages lead to frequent exacerbation and suppression of Jewish activists with power exclusive to both mass and indirect goals, and are seen as "weapons of the weak" in the minority's symbolic resistance to his regime

ADAPTATION OF THE SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM TO CRISIS CONDITIONS: EXPERT VIEWS

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 22 Nov 2022 10:20:03 +0100

The coronavirus pandemic has led to drastic economic and social disruption, increasing the need for social support and social services. The purpose of this study is to trace changes in the system of social protection and social services induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, and identify the related challenges faced by Russian regions. The objectives of this study include building a survey toolkit, conducting expert interviews with representatives of regional ministries responsible for social protection of the population and analyzing the data obtained. The methods used include expert interviews, analysis, comparison and generalization. The study explores the difficulties in organizing assistance to the population during the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzes the decisions made and the potential for making social assistance more effective, which underscores the importance of the study. The object of the research is the system of social protection of the population at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the social security system’s experience during the coronavirus pandemic. The results of the study show that the pandemic has necessitated quick decision-making and completely new approaches, and exacerbated problems such as poor interagency coordination, low salaries of specialists, underdevelopment of digital technologies and people’s insufficient readiness to use remote access technologies. Nevertheless, the period of the pandemic has pushed the social protection system to develop in several aspects. First of all, this concerned the development of digital technologies for administrative purposes as well as for informing the population and providing services, and efforts to meet the needs of the population and reduce bureaucratic barriers in providing social support and social services. Еxploring opportunities for using digital technologies to improve the availability and quality of social support and social services is very important and may be considered as a subject for further research.

The trends in the non-resource development of the Russian regions during the last 20 years

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 22 Nov 2022 10:10:02 +0100

There is a lack of complex regional analysis studies in the economic research landscape. The relevance of this study has to do with the Russian government’s high interest in identifying the main trends and factors of non-commodity-based development in the 21st century. Obviously, a significant part of Russia’s national wealth is associated with the extractive sector, which limits the scope for economic diversification and can negatively affect Russia's long-term development.

The novelty of this research is that it provides complex regional analysis over the past 20 years. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using its findings to prepare policy recommendations, and to assess the impact of the decisions implemented.

The aim of the research was to identify long-term trends and patterns of socioeconomic development in the Russian regions. The objectives were to observe the dynamics of a set of socioeconomic development indicators in various regions and identify spatial patterns of non-commodity growth.

The work uses such scientific research methods as statistical analysis and graph-analytical methods, comparative-historical and cartographic methods.

During the work, the following results were obtained:

the overall growth dynamics of non-resource sectors of the Russian economy in the past 20 years has been determined by changes in the macroeconomic, geopolitical and institutional conditions; the global economic crisis of 2008, the introduction of anti-Russia sanctions and the import substitution policy in 2014-2015 have had the greatest impact on structural changes in the economy;

gross regional product and GRP excluding extractive industries doubled or more in the period between 1998-2008 in most regions; after 2008, however, growth rates were close to zero in many regions, which caused a growing lag behind developed economies;

in recent years, the share of investment in GRP and R&D spending have dropped to low values as in the early 2000s in most regions;

internet access, and average years of schooling have been growing almost continuously in most regions;

the air emissions to GRP ratio has been decreasing with the growing share of the service sector and the development of technologies, but has slightly increased in recent years due to motorization.

Conclusions. Over the past 20 years, the regions with the largest conurbations that have lost many industrial features but have formed a service consumer economy have undergone the most significant transformation. The oil-producing regions in northern Russia, while showing significant per capita GRP, have not been able to fully diversify their economies and are dependent on fluctuations in energy prices. Many agricultural regions have benefited from the implementation of counter-sanctions, as the government supported large agricultural holdings. Certain regions have vigorously attracted investment through proactive policies: the Kaluga, Belgorod, Leningrad, and Tomsk regions. Most of the Far Eastern regions have been losing population and economic potential.

As part of a long-term study, further research may include the identification of factors of non-resource development, its complex estimation with the use of indexes, estimation of the impact of the extractive industries on regional economic growth, as well as assessing the regions’ potential to improve the quality of education for technological development.

This paper is based on research findings delivered in accordance with the State Assignment for RANEPA in 2021

EVALUATING QUALITY OF GOVERNMENT REGULATORY ENFORCEMENT AND INSPECTION ACTIVITY FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF PRIVAT BUSINESS: KEY TRENDS

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 22 Nov 2022 09:44:03 +0100

Enhancing the government’s regulatory enforcement and oversight performance has been considered among critical measures aimed at improving the business environment in Russia; this makes the study relevant for the current governance agenda. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the dynamics of private businesses’ perceptions regarding the justified nature, efficacy, and efficiency of state oversight measures in 2017 – 2021. The subject of the study is the quality of state regulatory enforcement and oversight, including its rationality, efficacy, and efficiency. The key method used in this study is a representative sociological survey of private business entities conducted in 2021. The findings were then compared with those from similar surveys carried out in 2017 and 2020. The results presented in this paper include the analysis of businesses’ perceptions regarding all quality parameters of state regulatory and oversight interference (how justified, effective, and efficient it is). The study concludes that so far, the state regulatory system reform in Russia has not resulted in its performance being more effective (i.e., carrying lower risk of damage to the public values) or more justified. Notably, administrative costs borne by businesses due to state inspections have decreased due to a lower average cost per inspection as well as a reduction in the total number of inspections because of the anti-pandemic precautions, which included a moratorium on planned inspections of businesses. The novelty of the study has to do with the collection and analysis of new empirical data on how businesses assess the quality of the state’s regulatory enforcement and oversight activities. The recommendations based on the findings suggest the need for further improvement of both regulatory enforcement and state regulation proper. Both regulation and regulatory enforcement activities should focus more on minimizing the risks of damage to public values and on strengthening the positive impact of state oversight on supporting and improving the safety of business processes and production

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY FOR NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 22 Nov 2022 09:34:03 +0100

Digital transformation of industries and markets remains a key challenge for the modern competition policy. Digital ecosystems are playing increasingly important roles in the structure of the economy. That is why their regulation is becoming an especially relevant problem for antitrust regulators. The goal of this preprint is to identify key specific factors of competition restraints on markets for goods and services in the spheres of digital ecosystems functioning. The authors of the research aggregate and compare main concepts and models of digital ecosystems with a focus on procompetitive and anticompetitive factors of their activities. The authors also summarize main issues raised in the process of market behavior qualification and market structure assessment for artificial intelligence (AI) intensive companies (ecosystem leaders). These issues include enhanced market concentration, risks of price discrimination and algorithmic collusion. The main research method in this regard is the legal and economic analysis, which is based on the economic assessment of Russian and foreign legal documents. The specific challenge in that sphere is the dependence of AI efficiency on big-data-based machine learning. This feature causes an increase in market concentration, strengthens the positions of market leaders, and potentially weakens the competitive environment. The results of the research include the systematization of digital ecosystem concepts, the detection of main factors for their modeling and the identification of presumptions and consequences of the modernization of antitrust regulation. Antitrust bodies are recommended to improve their own digital competencies and analytical capabilities to prevent the loss of control over the market, as well as the elimination of AI benefits.

Collective dominance and oligopoly markets: industrial organization theory approaches

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 22 Nov 2022 09:17:03 +0100

This paper studies the prerequisites for the emergence of a firm’s market power using basic models of oligopoly. The significance of the study is related to identifying theoretical prerequisites that are essential for modifying the collective dominance institution, which can be considered a legal analogue of the economic concept of oligopoly. The objective of the paper is to identify the elements associated with the emergence of market power under the oligopoly model, allowing to shape theoretical basis for the collective dominance concept application. Multiple objectives have to be met before the said objective can be achieved: 1) highlighting the relevant signs of interaction between oligopolistic firms; 2) identifying limitations for the application of collective dominance concept in practice. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the formation of theoretical basis for the legal concept of collective dominance in Russia. The subject of the paper is the relationship between the concept of collective dominance in Russia and the basic oligopoly models. The study is part of a complex project which represents a RANEPA state research assignment and aims at exploring the effects of the collective dominance concept application in Russia. The study is based on industrial organization methods. The main findings of the study consist of the following: highlighting the aspects associated with market power emergence in oligopoly models (small number of participants, high entry costs, significant goods differentiation, high switching costs, full information for competitors and low availability of information for consumers); reflecting the prerequisites for the market power emergence under oligopoly in the Russian version of the collective dominance concept; stating the importance of a comprehensive application of the prerequisites under consideration through the analysis of oligopoly models. The conclusions of the research will used to design the roadmap for further reforms of the Russian collective dominance concept

Specificity of Professional Support Russian Teachers in Work with Vulnerable Children

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 22 Nov 2022 09:11:03 +0100

The relevance of the study is the need to prepare the Russian teachers to work with children in difficult life situations. This task is put forward by the Russian government’s policy in the field of education. The subject of the study is the specifics of providing professional support to teachers working with vulnerable children in the vulnerable categories. The objective of the paper is to study the problems of Russian teachers in working with vulnerable children and to analyze the specifics of the professional support provided to them. The study was based on the results of an online survey of teachers and the information content of the official websites of regional executive authorities in the field of education, additional professional education institutions and Children's Rights Commissioners in various regions of the Russian Federation. We analyzed thesis research on developing the readiness of Russian teachers to work with children in difficult life situations in 2001-2021. Research methods: analysis of information sources, online survey, and content analysis of Internet resources, systematization, analysis, and generalization of the results obtained. The scientific novelty of the study is based on the assessment of the current state of the professional support system for Russian teachers helping vulnerable children based on the materials of information, methodological and educational resources of 85 regions of the Russian Federation. This is the first time such a study is conducted in the Russian Federation. As a result, it was found that teachers working with vulnerable children and their families experience professional difficulties and shortage of legal knowledge (40%) and lack mastery of psychological and pedagogical tools (over 70%). Only one third of regional organizations in the field of additional professional education provide scientific and methodological support to teachers to address existing problems in working with vulnerable children. Information and methodological materials that provide professional support for teachers do not fully cover all categories of children in difficult life situations. Based on the information received, the main conclusion is that the system of professional support for teachers working with children of vulnerable categories needs to be purposefully designed taking into account the current situation. Recommendations: proper implementation of professional support for teachers requires ensuring the continuity of this process, including on an interdepartmental basis, stimulating the research in this direction, improving educational, information and methodological resources, and promoting a wider use of the best practices

Factors of regional development: theory, empirics, role of entrepreneurship

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 22 Nov 2022 08:58:03 +0100

Economic activity is distributed unevenly, following human resettlement, so that high-concentration zones (large cities urban agglomerations) are combined with uninhabited lands. The relevance of the work is due to the close attention of the scientific community and governments to regional development. Scientific novelty is associated with the generalization of the factors of regional development. The objective of the work was to analyze the key theoretical approaches and empirical studies of the regional development factors. The text describes the main models of regional growth, analyzes the role of basic determinants, with a separate chapter devoted to entrepreneurial capital. In the course of the work, the following findings andconclusions were obtained: studies of regional development are widely covered in the literature, with several dozen regional development theories currently distinguished; each theory characterizes various aspects of this process. The determinants of regional development can be subdivided into factors of the first nature (those of natural origin) and the second nature (those of anthropogenic origin). The prospects and further areas of the study include an econometric assessment of the regional development factors in Russia (such as human capital, institutional conditions, technological development, etc.) and identification of new factors (embeddedness of entrepreneurship, influence of digital technologies, etc.). The paper is based on the materials of research work carried out in accordance with the RANEPA State Assignment for 2021.

On the mechanism of indexation of pensions in the system of compulsory pension insurance

Евгений Семенов — Mon, 21 Nov 2022 13:45:05 +0100

Problems related to the mechanism of pension indexation in the framework of compulsory pension insurance are discussed in this paper. The analysis has allowed to identify major defects of this mechanism in accordance with current legislation [1], in particular: the procedure for determining the size of indexation and other key parameters of the insurance pension system is not transparent for its stakeholders (pensioners, employees and employers), the pension system is financially dependent on budget transfers and is not robust to external shocks. An indexation procedure has been proposed and this procedure is organically linked to the basic principles of the compulsory pension insurance system and a systematic approach to its planning. Such an approach ensures transparency and unambiguity of indexation procedures for pensions and other parameters related to the pension system. The developed procedure should ensure, in particular, a uniform and sustainable pensions growth in the long run in accordance with the target values, subject to the implementation of an appropriate set of measures to improve the insurance pension system.

Women - labor migrants in Russia: Russian women and natives of other countries

Евгений Семенов — Mon, 21 Nov 2022 13:26:03 +0100

Work is assigned by the foreign labor inspectorate in Russia and the labor inspectorate of Russian women inside Russia. There are cases of detection of cases of freelance and external labor activity among women, analysis of the age group of women among those identified among able-bodied men. For foreign checks - women, the ranking of the main countries - donors of labor registration in Russia was carried out; for the internal labor sample of selected regions, the leaders in terms of employment of labor captures are women, the main regions are donors of the female labor sample. The data on the internal working population also require an assessment of the sectoral employment of women - the coverage of the population by the coverage of the population and by male migrants and the identification of some socio-demographic characteristics of this population group. For the analysis, data from Rosstat and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia were used. The number of identified cases of detection of labor diseases is estimated at about one million people, the identified cases of detection of labor organs - women - are less than 300 thousand annually. Women - foreign migrants - are older than labor migrants - men, in contrast to foreign labor migrants, where women, on the contrary, are younger than men. The main countries are donors of women's labor in the CIS countries, while the share of women in the flows from those distributed throughout the country in the countries of Central Asia (Uzbekistan and Tajikistan) does not exceed 12-13%. The main sources of internal labor protection for women are such regions as the Republic of Kalmykia (the undisputed leader for a special purpose), the Republic of Mari El, Mordovia, Chuvashia, Kabardino-Balkaria, hereinafter referred to as the regions of Central Russia. Women labor migrants who practically do not leave the regions of the Far East and the North, as well as from Moscow and St. Petersburg. Women food labor migrants work in all regions of Russia, with a noticeably greater inclination towards agglomeration than male food labor migrants.

METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF DISTANCE LEARNING IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF A GENERAL EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL

Евгений Семенов — Mon, 21 Nov 2022 12:58:03 +0100

Relevance. The digitalization of the life of society, forced by the COVID-19 pandemic, determined a number of new processes and phenomena in the economic and social spheres. In the context of a lockdown, an educational institution had to promptly respond to challenges such as maintaining stability and accessibility of education for all categories of students. Research object: the process of introducing distance learning into the general education system. Subject: methodological foundations affecting the quality of educational results of students of a general education school in the context of the transfer of the educational process to a distance mode. Purpose: to determine the methodological grounds for the introduction of distance learning into the educational process of a general education school. Tasks: to analyze the foreign and domestic experience of transferring the educational process to a remote mode in the context of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic; to conduct a study to identify methodological foundations that affect the quality of educational results of students of a general education school in the context of the transfer of the educational process to a distance mode. Methods: methodological approaches: axiological, competence, system-activity; research methods: theoretical (analysis, generalization, systematization). Results: the main foreign and domestic scientific concepts, theories, and methods of distance (blended) learning are identified, which serve as prerequisites for the digital transformation of the educational process in the general education system. Conclusions: the digitalization of all levels of education is natural, a feature of the digitalization of education is the reciprocity of the transformation of the educational process, adapting to modern conditions, and digital technologies, and the means introduced into the learning process for the most complete and comfortable solution of the assigned pedagogical tasks. Recommendations: to continue research to study the essence of the phenomenon of digital transformation, the types and structure of the processes of its implementation in the general education system, which currently remain insufficiently studied

USING CLIENT-CENTRIC PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

Евгений Семенов — Mon, 21 Nov 2022 12:39:03 +0100

Client centricity has been defined as one of the core directions for developing Russian strategy for social and economic development. Therefore, reviewing international practice of measuring client centricity in public administration is an urgent and relevant task. The objective of the study is to review international practice of using client-centric performance indicators in public administration and identifying the key trends of such practice which could be used for improving client orientation in the Russian public administration. The subject of the review includes performance indicators used for measuring and evaluating client-centric public administration by international organizations and foreign governments. The paper applies generic analytical scientific methods such as case study, content analysis, and comparative analysis. The study is based on review of international and Russian literature as well as official documents issued by public authorities. The study results include a review of international practice of evaluating client centricity in public service delivery as well as in performing regulatory and enforcement functions. The paper also reviews the impact of digital transformation of public administration on improving client centricity and analysis the existing approaches to forming composite indicators for measuring client centricity. The study concludes that there is significant international practice of using performance indicators reflecting government client centricity and representing the interests of citizens and businesses in public administration performance outcomes, i.e. improving accessibility and quality of public services, ensuring integrity-based and non-discriminatory approach to public service delivery, extending the opportunities for public participation in developing, monitoring, and evaluating public policies, and ensuring adequate protection of public values from risks. Citizen satisfaction with public service delivery (especially in areas such as health and education services) is among the most used performance indicator. Noteworthy, this indicator is not limited to measuring satisfaction with service delivery procedures. On the contrary, citizen satisfaction with quality of public services rendered is considered, too. Government digital transformation allows for integrating client centricity indicators in the processes of managing public service delivery and execution of other types of government functions. The key methods used for data collection include sociological surveys (of citizens, businesses, public servants), various feedback forms used in the process of public service delivery, and expert-based specialized assessments. The novelty of the paper is the broad approach to understanding client centricity as a means to acknowledge, ensure, and protect human rights and freedoms. The study demonstrates that achieving client centricity in public administration calls for introducing the practice of evaluating public administration performance from a citizen viewpoint. To undertake such evaluation, the paper recommends using a composite index measuring governance performance from the citizen viewpoint. Such index may be estimated based on the results of sociological surveys.

MEDIUM TERM AGENDA OF GOVERNMENT DIGITALIZATION IN RUSSIA: REVIEW OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IN MINISTERIAL DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION PROGRAMS

Евгений Семенов — Mon, 21 Nov 2022 12:17:02 +0100

Digital transformation is one of the national development objectives for Russia up to 2030. Its key implementation instruments at the federal level are ministerial digital transformation programs. The performance objectives of these programs developed in late 2020 establish a medium-term digital transformation agenda. Therefore, it is highly urgent and relevant to analyze such programs. Thegoal of this paper is to evaluate the potential impact of ministerial digital transformation programs on improving the quality of public services and regulatory enforcement functions. The subject of the report includes 43 ministerial digital transformation programs for 2021 – 2023 published as of March 1, 2021. The paper uses qualitative and quantitative analytical methods, including performance management methodology assuming differentiation of impacts, intermediate outcomes, and outputs. The novelty of the study is related both to the novelty of ministerial digital transformation programs, which have not been the subject of scientific analysis to date, and application of a methodology for evaluating benefits from government digital transformation for external beneficiaries (i.e., citizens and businesses). The results include a review of ministerial digital transformation programs and the assessment of their potential impact on improving the quality of public service delivery and effectiveness of state regulatory enforcement. The paper analyses the expected outcomes of digital transformation of 322 federal public services and 82 regulatory enforcement functions. Conclusions. The study demonstrates that while the targets on broadening digital interaction with citizens and businesses are ambitious both in public service delivery and in regulatory enforcement and control domain, the impact of government digital transformation on citizens, businesses, and public administration itself is either underestimated or neglected. Digital transformation of federal executive authorities is deemed to be a goal in itself, not a means for improving the governance quality. The indicators used to measure the digitalization of public services and functions do not account for digital transformation risks, including possible extra administrative costs for businesses, associated with remote regulatory control. The recommendations developed based on the study findings suggest the need to correct the existing approaches to developing digital transformation performance indicators at the ministerial level and implementing the practice of cost-benefit analysis of digital initiatives in the public sector.

Epidemics of the Ancient World and Religions of Salvation

Евгений Семенов — Mon, 21 Nov 2022 12:04:02 +0100

The aim of the study is to analyze the history of epidemics in the ancient world and comprehend their consequences relating to the emergence of salvation religions. The relevance of the study is due to the need to comprehend the historical experience of managing social processes in complex epidemiological situations and developing the response of Russian society to the new great challenges associated with the spread of epidemics of dangerous diseases. The novelty of the study lies in the originality of the hypothesis, according to which several social institutions and related forms of social consciousness appear in the conditions of challenge to society from epidemics and symbolize a form of social response to these challenges. The study was conducted using written historical sources, primarily the works of ancient pagan and Christian historians, as well as the latest scientific research on the history of epidemics in the ancient world, carried out by modern historians. During the study, the following methods of historical knowledge were used: problem-chronological, historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-comparative, historical-systematic. The theoretical basis of the study is the methodology of global history. The conclusions of the study are as follows. Epidemics have always been a challenge for any society, forcing it to seek an appropriate form of response. A distinctive feature of the epidemics of the ancient world was that they not only inflicted enormous damage on existing social systems and political institutions, but also gave birth to new forms of religiosity. The epidemic of the “Athenian plague” of the fifth century BC contributed to the decline of the Athenian maritime empire, bringing to life a new religious cult - the cult of Asclepius, the god of healing, which had become the salvation religion of the Greeks before the arrival of Christianity. The “Antonine Plague” and the “Cyprian Plague” (2nd–3rd centuries) caused a crisis in the Roman Empire, contributing to the spread of Christianity in the Mediterranean. The “Justinian plague” (6th–8th centuries) contributed to the undermining of the power of the Byzantine Empire and the collapse of the Persian Empire, the disappearance of Christianity and the spread of Islam in the Middle East.

Comparative mechanical assessment of the common structural joining techniques implemented in the marine industries

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Mon, 21 Nov 2022 10:56:20 +0100

The main objective of FIBRE4YARDS project is to maintain European global leadership in ship building and ship maintenance, through implementation of the Shipyard 4.0 concept in which advanced and innovative FRP manufacturing technologies are successfully introduced. This project has received funding from European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement n°101006860.

Parametric optimization of ultrasonic welding on thermoplastic fibre-reinforced composites by the implementation of statistical analysis of variance method (ANOVA)

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Mon, 21 Nov 2022 10:51:59 +0100

Modular construction design of a composite catamaran based on FIBRE4YARDS technologies

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Mon, 21 Nov 2022 10:45:10 +0100

FIBREGY & FIBRE4YARDS 2nd INFORMATION DAY

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Mon, 21 Nov 2022 10:41:32 +0100

Diseño de construcción modular de un catamarán de materiales compuestos basado en las tecnologías FIBRE4YARDS

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Mon, 21 Nov 2022 10:16:47 +0100

Computational use of an Artificial Bee Colony approach for Model Predictive Control

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Mon, 21 Nov 2022 10:12:01 +0100

3D FE Modeling of Multi-Span Stone Masonry Arch Bridges for the Assessment of Load Carrying Capacity: The Case of Justinian’s Bridge September 2021

Vildan Gizem Menteşe — Sun, 20 Nov 2022 13:14:05 +0100

Substantial part of heritage structures in Turkey is historic masonry arch bridges. To explore modeling issues, a numerical work has been initiated to better understand and preserve/transfer this heritage to the next eras. This paper specifically describes the influence of tensile fracture energy of stone material in determining their true load carrying capacities. A case study is presented to explain the modeling issues. With its historical background, current situation, geometric and material properties, this work focuses on numerical investigation of the historic multi-span stone masonry arch Justinian’s (or Sangarius) Bridge located in the city of Sakarya in Turkey over the Sakarya River. Numerical results show that the value of fracture energy in tension significantly affect the load carrying capacity and failure mechanism of multi-span masonry arch bridges. A more realistic nonlinear response has been obtained for an upper value of the tensile fracture energy of the stone masonry. The bridge model collapses by a-three-hinge mechanism occuring at the loaded arch in the upper value of the tensile fracture energy. The most critical loading point of the bridge is determined as the quarter-span.

Motivation and work performance in the nursing staff of a public institution of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:51:45 +0100

Introduction: Motivation is an internal state that generates behaviors which trigger into actions in a specific direction and for a specific purpose.

Objective: To describe the relationship between motivation and work performance in the nursing staff of a public institution in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.

Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted between November 2021 and January 2022 in nursing professionals of a public institution in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. The sample consisted of 60 nursing professionals from a public institution selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Two instruments were used: approach to motivation in three dimensions and a competency-based work performance evaluation.

Results: The sample was characterized by being mostly females aged between 34 and 53, with a professional nursing degree. The professional performance in the three dimensions was of medium level in more than 96% of the sample studied, and it is noteworthy that there were no people with high performance. The inferential analysis between general motivation and the 3 dimensions of professional performance had a statistically significant positive correlation, so it can be stated that, in the three dimensions, the higher the general motivation, the higher the professional performance.

Conclusions: One of the most important findings is the statistically significant positive correlation between motivation and professional performance. That demonstrates the need to work on future research where intervention strategies are evaluated in order to qualitatively characterize and raise both indicators in light of the obtained results.

On-the-job education as an active source of skills in the professional training of the stomatologist

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:51:36 +0100

Introduction: One form of organization of the teaching-learning process is on-the-job education and it is essential to contribute to the improvement of this process. Objective: To describe the development of skills in on-the-job education as an integrating practice of the contents received. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out with 38 students of the Stomatology career of the Faculty of Medical Sciences "Miguel Enriquez", Havana, in February 2020, to whom a survey was applied. Results: 70.83% of the 5th year students consider that they are able to deploy clinical skills, 35.71% of the 4th year students and 66.66% of the 5th year students think that their teachers fulfill their functions in an appropriate way in this process. Conclusions: Very few 4th year students and more than half of the 5th year students assume to be able to develop skills in the clinic and appreciate that their professors perform their functions satisfactorily.

Author Guidelines

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:51:27 +0100

Introduction: The improvement of professionals is a gradual process that occurs throughout life and through it significant learning is developed that influences professional, labor and social activity; all of which requires the harmonic linking of preparation and improvement with work.

Objective: To analyze the influence of training on the professional performance of nursing professionals in a private institution in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.

Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out between February and March, with a sample of 25 nursing professionals. Three evaluation instruments were used.

Results: 56% of the sample was female, the average age was 43.8±11.7, 68% of the sample had a Bachelor's degree in Nursing, and the average years of training were 10.9±8.0. The results found show that there are high overall training needs. No significant differences were found when comparing job performance dimensions in those who had received training or were currently undergoing training and those who had not or were not.

Conclusions: There are high general and specific training needs, with low organizational management towards training motivation and stimulation. On the other hand, no relationship was found between training and professional performance; however, this study leaves open the possibility of developing other types of qualitative studies that analyze this problem in depth.

Influence of training on professional performance in nursing professionals of a private institution in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:51:18 +0100

Objective: To analyze the influence of training on the professional performance of nursing professionals in a private institution in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.

Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out between February and March, with a sample of 25 nursing professionals. Three evaluation instruments were used.

Protocol for falls in hemato-oncology patients from the vision of Nursing Leadership in the services of the FUNDALEU Foundation

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:51:06 +0100

Introduction: The Protocols of protection for hemato-oncological patient care are based on the adequacy of existing and scientifically validated scales.Objective: To describe the advances related to the implementation of protection protocols for the care of hemato-oncological patients from the point of view of Nursing Leadership in the services of the FUNDALEU Foundation.Methods: A non-experimental, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2020.Results: In terms of sociodemographic variables, the sample was represented mostly by women, aged between 38 and 45 years, graduates who have worked for more than 7 years in the service. Regarding the means recorded for different aspects of knowledge of protocols adapted for patients in the institution, it is worth noting that all of them were positive. It was found that for the three items (cytopenia, mental status and sensory deficit) the ANOVA test had statistical significance (p<0.001) between these groups. With the assessment of the fall risk protocol, the corresponding care can be planned and carried out (p < 0.001).Conclusions: there are no difficulties in terms of knowledge about the use of the care protocol for hemato-oncological patients. The nursing attitudes point out as difficulties that the items cytopenia, mental status and sensory deficit are not sufficient, so that sometimes the updates with respect to the fall risk protocol are not up to date.

Patient Handoff: relationship between internal communication and the role of teamwork in the services of the Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:50:53 +0100

Introduction: The on-call pass is one of the means of coordination within each service that is used to schedule, manage and evaluate patient care.Objective: to describe the behavior of variables of the perception of nursing human resources on the quality of internal communication in on-call duty and the modalities of teamwork.Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of 71 units of analysis. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was used.Results: In relation to knowledge about internal communication during on-call duty, positive responses prevailed, with the Teamwork indicator standing out with 94.4% of positive responses (P = 0.006). Positive attitudes related to internal communication during the on-call duty shift dominated, with a predominance of strategic vision and complementarity with 99% positivity each (P < 0.001). In relation to practices in the on-call pass; all responses resulted negative above 70% (P<0.001), highlighting Performance evaluation over Internal communication with 90% negativity.Conclusions: Most professionals show knowledge of the dimensions of internal communication by virtue of teamwork. The attitudinal aspect of the nursing human resources showed favorable aspects to the on-call pass in relation to internal communication, taking into account criteria such as strategic vision, teamwork, responsibility, face-to-face transmission and confidentiality.

Impact of a quality management model of an immunization service of the Hospital de Alta Complejidad El Cruce

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:50:43 +0100

Introduction: The horizontal integration of health services can be strengthened through process management that makes it possible to conceive how to work through systems that cross departmental, service and functional boundaries, by showing the internal relationships of users and providers.Objective: To describe the results of the implementation of the quality management model in the vaccination center of the Hospital el Cruce during the period 2015-2016 compared to subsequent periods (2017-2018).Methods: An analytical, non-experimental study was conducted in health systems and services at the Hospital de Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce, comprising the evaluation of care quality indicators in the period from 2015 to 2018, a longitudinal and retrospective approach.Results: 57.7% (75) were female and 42.3% (55) were male. Using Spearman's test found only in the case of time and quality of care a statistically significant negative correlation. When it was analyzed that the number of doses discarded by years, in the second period (2017-2018) specifically in 2018 no doses were discarded in any of the vaccines, and secondly in 10 vaccines were not discarded in both periods.Conclusions: The results of the evaluation with a focus on improving the quality of care were evidenced. The multidimensional analysis provided relevant information that helped to find the causes that allowed the setting of objectives, possible solutions to the problem, as well as the evaluation of improvements.

Satisfaction with the nurse in primary care: experiences in a primary health care center in La Pampa

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:50:34 +0100

Introduction: Nursing as a health educator is the first to have contact with the patient who enters a service to consult or alleviate any ailment.Objective: to analyze satisfaction in relation to the care received by nursing staff in a primary health care center in the town of Winifreda, department of Conhelo in the province of La Pampa.Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive study was carried out. A total of 174 patients were included. Three evaluation instruments were used, one for sociodemographic analysis and two for satisfaction analysis.Results: The study sample was 88.51% female and the remaining 11.49% were male. The average age was 39.81. Sixty percent of the sample attended preventive activities, while 20% of the respondents reported following up on care plans. Of the respondents, 82.9% obtained an appointment on the same day. Cronbach's Alpha for the AMABLE Questionnaire was 0.810; and for the Baker Questionnaire 0.826.Conclusions: Most patients perceive the care provided by nursing professionals as adequate, which is closely related to the quality of care, nursing services, participant health, and community care. In the context of primary health care, the people who attended the nursing consultations rated the care they received positively.

The quality of nurse-patient communication: experiences in the context of rurality in the province of Chaco

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:50:25 +0100

Introduction: The quality of the encounter between the nurse and the patient makes the difference between a humanized practice and an instrumental one; for this reason, an interpersonal relationship, beyond the execution of procedures and techniques, is a great opportunity for growth and maturation for the patient and the nurse herself.Objective: to analyze the communication between the patient and the nurse in the context of rurality in the San Pedro Pescador neighborhood of Chaco province.Methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, retrospective study in the province of Chaco from January to March 2022. The sample consisted of 11 nurses and 72 patients. A questionnaire of sociodemographic and labor data elaborated ad hoc for the study was used; and on the other hand, a nurse-patient communication questionnaire comprising aspects related to the quality of communication in both samples.Results: the female sex prevailed with 81.8% and 55.6% in nurses and patients, respectively. The average age of nurses was 44.6±14.1 and 41.1±15.2 in patients. Significant differences were found in the perceptions of nursing staff and patients regarding the use of medical terminology by nurses and regarding the coverage of nurse-patient communication needs.Conclusions: The perceptions of both groups show a good assessment of the nursing staff which is in accordance with the self-perception of the nursing staff, of communication in a highly effective condition during their care.

Strategies to raise the standards of quality, standardization, visibility and scientific impact of the Master's Degree in Integrated Management of Nursing Services

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:50:16 +0100

Introduction: Academic excellence constitutes one of the most important and controversial elements in contemporary higher education; since its determination is closely linked to the processes of administrative management and teaching performance. The objective of a master's degree is to train professionals in specific areas of knowledge who are capable of conducting research with high scientific rigor, as well as to develop their professional practice with a high level of specialization.Objective: To describe the main results of the implementation of a strategy to raise the standards of quality, standardization, visibility and scientific impact of the Master's Degree in Integrated Management of Nursing Services.Results: The main strategies implemented are presented, grouped in three stages. In the first stage, the restructuring of the thesis follow-up was developed with the creation of the Scientific Tutoring section and the standardization of the pre-project, project and thesis models, the decision to follow up the thesis virtually, with traceability and transparency. The second stage included the creation of a thesis evaluation committee, development of a master's thesis repository, thesis director bank, and curricular adjustments. The third stage included the creation of the Scientific Tutoring Microsite and the implementation of the thesis in scientific article format.Conclusions: The implemented strategies developed have allowed to raise to 119 graduates in the last two years, of which 15 are theses in article format, to improve the flows of response and follow-up of theses.

Professional competencies of nursing personnel in maternal and newborn care: a comparative study in the Neonatology and Obstetrics

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:50:07 +0100

Introduction: Competencies are understood as an integrated combination of knowledge skills and attitudes conducive to adequate and timely performance in various contexts of the health team.Objective: to carry out a comparative analysis of the competencies of the nursing staff in the care of the mother and newborn in the Neonatology and Obstetrics services.Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out. The sample consisted of 65 nurses from a public institution of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, of whom 34 belonged to the Neonatology service and 31 to the Obstetrics service.Results: 84.62% were female, the average age was 45.09±9.94, and 63.08% had a degree in Nursing. Higher values were obtained in the obstetrics service in the three dimensions; on the other hand, there were significant differences between the own and crossed competencies in both the Neonatology and Obstetrics services (intra-service competencies); and on the other hand, no differences were found between the values of the own and crossed competencies between services (inter-service competencies). It can be affirmed that the nursing staff of the obstetrics service possesses as a whole higher own and cross competencies than those of the neonatology staff.Conclusions: In this study it was found that the staff of the Obstetrics area possesses overall higher number of competencies in maternal and infant care with respect to that of Neonatology.

Pre-induction: Are there differences in the use and implementation of the electronic medical record in relation to the level of training and work experience? Experiences in the nursing staff of a private oncohematological institution.

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:49:54 +0100

Background: Induction is the knowledge that the person entering should acquire regarding the history of the organization, its structure, marketing and commercial scheme; company policies regarding personnel, hygiene and safety, environment; occupational health programs, quality, culture, mission, values.Aim: To describe the perception of induction in the use of the oncohematologic electronic health record (EHR) for the safe administration of antineoplastic chemotherapy.Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional research; the sample consisted of 55 units of analysis. A semi-structured questionnaire was used as an instrument.Results: There is a statistically significant difference in the perception of organizational culture (P = 0.040) and between seniority in the institution with the induction of EHR training (P = 0.012), with professional nurses of 1.26±0.44 and for Licensed 1.06±0.24, seniority in the institution ranged in groups of 1-4 years and 5 to 9 years. Cytostatic preparation and seniority in the institution (P=0.020). The group with more than 25 years of seniority in the institution have the responsibility for the preparation of cytostatics 4.90±0.30 (P<0.05).Conclusions: It is not homogeneous how the organizational culture is perceived by the different professional levels. In relation to seniority, the majority are female, graduates and young adults. EHR induction is perceived by professionals as an institutional strategy for patient safety culture. Likewise, EHR practices show that it is used by qualified personnel in the administration of cytostatics.

Patient safety indicators in a private institution of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:49:43 +0100

Background: Patient safety, is trying to avoid injury to or patients assisted by healthcare personnel, is an essential component in quality of care. In recent times, patient safety is considered as paramount in daily practices.Aim: to analyze the patient safety culture of nursing staff in a private institution in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study was carried out. The sample consisted of 76 nursing professionals, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture in its Spanish version was used as an instrument.Results: 68.4% were female, the average age was 42.05 years and 52.6% of the personnel had a professional nursing degree. None of the dimensions acquired values in the order of 4 average points.Conclusions: The analysis of patient safety culture, in the perception of the nursing teams under study, with different types of management, has shown that patient safety is not strengthened; in our study a "neutral" or "low" safety score prevailed. Therefore, it is understood as crucial to raise the awareness of managers in each type of administrative sphere and of health professionals for the promotion of patient safety culture, as well as the training of these professionals.

Knowledge about some aspects of Genetics in physicians of primary care

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:49:31 +0100

Background: The national program for diagnosis, management and prevention of genetic diseases is being conducted in our country with the main goal of a community-based scope, being applied by general comprehensive physicians. Mistakes in interpreting basic concepts in Genetics usually appear among family doctors and may disturb the proper development of the program.Aim: To identify training needs among professionals working in primary health care.Material and Methods: A descriptive and transversal research was conducted. An evaluation instrument validated by experts, was applied to18 doctors working in the primary health care areas of the Faculty of Medical Sciences Miguel Enriquez, who voluntarily accepted to participate in the research.Results: In most cases amniocentesis concept was no correct. This mistake was also observed in the literature. Doctors graduated after 2009, who were taught Medical Genetics as a curricular subject, had the best results.Conclusions: The design of postgraduate courses in Genetics, for doctors working in primary healthcare, must also include practical features of the program, and emphasize on some concepts necessary for the development of the Genetics program.

Aggressions suffered and determinants of physical and non-physical violence towards nursing staff by patients and accompanying persons

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:49:22 +0100

Background: The relationship between healthcare personnel and those accompanying patients can give rise to cases of aggressiveness in relation to an accumulation of misunderstandings, resentments or fears, which should be detected and defused before they could give rise to aggression.Aim: to analyze the determinants of physical and non-physical violence towards health personnel by patients and accompanying persons.Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. The scope of the study included the nursing staff working in the pediatric critical areas of a hospital in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area. The study included a sample of 63 units of analysis.Results: The sample was predominantly female (76.2%), with an average age of 45.3 years and a predominance of 66.7% of the personnel with a degree in nursing. A total of 90.5% had a history of violence by patients and/or companions. The most frequent type of violence was insults (73.7%). The result of the application of the model based on Cronbach's alpha in our sample was 0.863.Conclusions: A considerable number of nursing staff experience verbal abuse, threats and physical abuse. This study contributes to the general understanding of violence in the nursing field in the Argentine context; however, more knowledge is needed on the consequences of workplace violence and its implications through the development of multicenter studies or with larger populations.

Diagnostic value of mouth opening width in patients with temporomandibular disorders

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:49:11 +0100

Background: Mouth opening amplitude allows the evaluation of joint and muscle function, constituting a valuable tool to diagnose alterations in the stomatognathic system.Aim: To characterize the buccal opening amplitude of patients who attended the temporomandibular disorders consultation of the Dr. Miguel Enriquez Hospital, in the period January 2017-January 2020.Methodology: A retrospective observational descriptive study was carried out in the period January 2017-January 2020, forming a database from the information obtained directly from the medical records. Literature review and synthesis was performed and descriptive statistics were used for data analysis by means of absolute frequency distribution expressed in percentages.Results: Normal mouth opening width predominated in 61% of the cases. Severe mouth opening restrictions below 20 mm affected 7% of the females and 21% of the males. Twenty-three percent of the 30-39 year-old group presented severe limitations below 20 mm, while 19% of the 19-29 year-old group presented hypermobility. 65% of the patients who attended before 1 month of symptom onset recorded limitation of mouth opening.Conclusions: In patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders, normal mouth opening amplitude predominated, so the ability of the individual to perform this movement within the established range is not necessarily an indicator of absence of joint and/or muscle damage.

Head nurse leadership styles and nursing staff motivation

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:49:02 +0100

Background: Nursing leadership is a process that promotes the improvement of health and living conditions of the population.Aim: To analyze the leadership styles of the head nurse and the motivation of the nursing staff in a public institution in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.Methods: This research had a quantitative approach. The study design was non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 133 nurses, selected by non-probabilistic sampling.Results: The sample consisted of 133 units of analysis, of which 63.16%, the average age was 40.13 and personnel with a Bachelor's degree in Nursing predominated with 61.65%. Regarding the leadership styles of the head nurse, the autocratic and democratic styles prevailed, and to a lesser extent the participative and permissive styles. When analyzing the decision-making styles, autonomy prevails; however, freedom and responsibility were found with average scores. Communication styles (assertive, verbal, written) had similar scores in the positive order.Conclusions: Our study describes that the predominant style was autocratic in contrast to democratic, permissive and participative leadership styles. Given the importance of leadership in meeting current and future challenges, these results indicate the urgent need to empower decision-makers in developing better leadership styles, with the aim of promoting transformational leadership. Future research should focus on leadership development interventions.

Didactic strategy to increase knowledge of the clinical method in genetics

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:48:51 +0100

Background: The current challenges of Clinical Genetics include the integration into medical practice of the fundamental tools that constitute the diagnostic process, with the basic knowledge of the specialty. However, in training professionals, there is a tendency to prioritize the application of technology. Aim: To increase the knowledge that supports the application of the clinical method in residents of Clinical Genetics.Methods: A quasi-experimental study of longitudinal strategy, educational intervention type (before and after design) was carried out with 25 resident physicians of Clinical Genetics, who gave their consent to participate. Two equivalent instruments were applied, validated by expert criteria, which consisted of five forced choice questions, true and false type, where knowledge necessary for the diagnosis related to Medelian inheritance, congenital defects, molecular genetics, dysmorphic signs and diagnostic tools were explored. Mac Nemar's Chi-square was applied for dichotomous nominal qualitative variables in related or paired samples with a significance level of 0.05, in order to demonstrate the impact of the intervention on each of the evaluated topics. The educational intervention consisted of an interactive talk. Results: It was found that with the educational intervention the knowledge related to dysmorphic signs and diagnostic tools increased statistically significantly. Conclusion: The educational intervention raised the level of knowledge on the subject of dysmorphic signs, as well as on diagnostic tools.

AELI® KINETEST and Bioneuroemotion applied to multiple sclerosis. A case report

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:48:40 +0100

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that mainly affects young adults. The clinical course of MS is markedly variable; its clinical manifestation is also very heterogeneous in symptoms and signs. Therefore, health professionals, in addition to individualized pharmacological treatment, are approaching new integrative approaches by taking into account other aspects of the individual. AELI® KINETEST and Bioneuroemotion offer another approach to MS treatment. Case report: 36-year-old male patient with a history of MS diagnosed 4 years ago, symptomatic since one year before. He came for consultation with pain in the Achilles tendon and difficulty in maintaining the standing position for extended hours. Among the procedures used, time line protocol, transgenerational analysis and AELI® KINETEST protocol were performed, achieving symptomatic relief with imaging correlation. Conclusions: In this patient with a diagnosis of MS, program conflict with the help of muscle testing is required with satisfactory evolution.

AELI® KINETEST vinculated to the clinical method

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:48:30 +0100

Background: Kinesiology is a system that attempts to evaluate numerous aspects of structural, chemical and mental health through manual muscle testing combined with other standard diagnostic methods. AELI® is a methodology that synthesizes, with its own protocol, scientifically proven methods using the arm reflex muscle test as the main tool, thus complementing the clinical record that is performed in conventional medicine by applying the clinical method, allowing prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the human being in its interrelationship with people, animals and plants, and habitat in general.Aim: To describe the contribution of AELI® KINETEST teaching to the clinical method.Development: The clinical method consists of 5 stages: Formulation of the problem, search for information, formulation of the hypothesis, contrast and verification of the diagnosis, organized steps that every attending physician applies in the search for the diagnosis in each of his patients. By means of the application of AELI® KINETEST, all the stages of the clinical method are favored, of which in the Clinical Propedeutics and Medical Semiology subject, the first three have protagonism, through the contribution in the information in the anamnesis both proximate and remote and the physical examination in the clinical file, allowing the analysis of the patient from the biopsychosocial point of view, recognizing the fair role that emotions deserve in the life of a human being. Conclusions: The application of AELI® KINETEST benefits all stages of the clinical method.

Experiences with the AELI® KINETEST in support of improved patient care

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:48:19 +0100

Background: With the permanent goal of improving the doctor-patient relationship and favoring the latter to assume a proactive position in the pursuit of their health, the AELI® KINETEST methodology is implemented, accepted in the OSPI since 2017, employs a different way of performing diagnosis and treatment, with a marked intention to achieve comprehensive vision of the patient, encompassing personal, family, work and other context. The methodology per se complements the clinical method and the behavior used in conventional medicine, highlights the ease in its application focused on the person and allows a rational and diverse use of the therapeutic arsenal, with high possibilities of being learned through teaching and constitute a starting point for research. Aim: To describe the results of patient care with AELI® KINETEST.Methodology: This is a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The population consisted of 582 patients of the Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico "Dr. Miguel Enríquez", in the period from March 2016 to March 2019. Results: Predominant positive evolution from the second consultation, in which they found asymptomatic 84.4% and in the third consultation 91%.Conclusions: AELI® KINETEST is a methodology that promotes health from an integral vision of the human being, allows personal growth, control of symptoms in the short term and rapid reincorporation into work and family, the results show social acceptance and point to an immediate inclusion in the learning of health sciences.

Evidence-based nursing practice and prevention of falls in hospitalized patients

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:48:10 +0100

Background: The risk of falls in hospitalized adult patients is a very important topic to develop and investigate since a fall can produce irreparable harm. Every hospitalized patient can suffer a fall which can produce an adverse event.Aim: To analyze the relationship between the evidence-based nursing practice environment and its relationship with knowledge about fall prevention in hospitalized patients. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 73 nurses.Results: The sample consisted of 80.8% female nurses. The average age was 37.7 ± 8.4. The average age was 37.7 ± 8.4. 50.7% of the sample had a Professional Nursing degree. The mean score of the health personnel knowledge survey on fall prevention was 15.1 ± 7.8 points (95% CI: 13.2444 to 16.8926). No relationship was found between evidence-based nursing practice setting and health care staff knowledge of falls prevention (P=0.2742).Conclusions: Adequate levels of both evidence-based nursing practice setting and health care staff knowledge of falls prevention were found. Both indicators were independent and no relationship was found between them or with sociodemographic variables. Therefore, it cannot be affirmed that the level of knowledge regarding falls is a factor that affects the intention to behave in accordance with the implementation of evidence-based practice.

On-call communication in intensive care areas in the nursing staff

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:48:00 +0100

Background: The on-call process is considered an essential component for continuity of care, since it allows optimizing resources, prioritizing activities and guaranteeing comprehensive care.Aim: To describe the perception of the quality of information communication during the on-call process in intensive care areas.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out. All intensive care area personnel were invited to participate on a voluntary basis. The sample finally consisted of 56 nursing professionals.Results: 76.8% were female. Less than three quarters of the respondents received training or induction on on-call duty, although more than 90 % of the respondents reported that training in this area is important. 71.4% report more than three interruptions during the pass and 55.4% say that communication was effective. About 30 % of the sample faced family conflicts.Conclusions: From the nursing staff's perspective, the quality of on-call communication was characterized by shortcomings in terms of the environment, protocolization of the on-call pass, environmental conditions and the relationship with family members.

Working conditions, ergonomic risks and their effects on the health of nursing personnel

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:47:51 +0100

Background: Risks related to posture, strain, fatigue and stress are capable of affecting the health of healthy people or worsen pre-existing injuries.Aim: to describe the occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries and ergonomic working conditions in the nursing staff of a public institution in the Buenos Aires suburbs.Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out between March and May 2022 in nursing professionals of a public institution of the Buenos Aires suburban area. The sample consisted of 40 nursing professionals.Results: 70% of the sample belonged to the female sex. The mean age was 43.45 ± 1.51 (range: 24-58). Thirty percent had pre-existing health problems, while 17.5% had health problems caused by the work performed in this service. Injuries to the neck, upper back, lower back, and one or both ankles/feet stand out. The predominant work regime was interval work with rest breaks in 57.5%, and 42.5% reported that it was continuous. 77.5% indicate that there is some potential environmental risk, where physical (45%), mechanical (25%), biological (22.5%), psychosocial (20%), ergonomic (17.5%) and chemical (15%) stand out.Conclusions: It can be concluded from the findings of this study that the causes of musculoskeletal disorders in nursing staff may be multifactorial, as are the solutions to this problem. In general, the staff was exposed to sound, mechanical and visual hazards.

Quality of nursing records in a sector of the Public Hospital of the City of Oberá

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:47:43 +0100

Background: Records are the main source of information regarding the patient's situation, and should contain complete and accurate information, as they allow retrospective evaluation of the care and attention provided. Aim: to analyze quality indicators of nursing records in a sector of the Public Hospital of the City of Oberá (Misiones) in Argentina.Methods: A retrospective, descriptive design was used for this study. The study was carried out from October 2021 to February 2022. The sampling process consisted in the selection of the patients' medical records, which finally consisted of 195 nursing records.Results: In relation to the distribution of compliance with nursing records according to the dimensions, problems are denoted in the home record, complete Kardex record (Digital Medical History System - RISMi) and complete record of nursing notes records.Conclusions: The evaluation of the quality of nursing records denoted that there are problems and weaknesses in terms of content, process and structure. The results of this study affirmed that nurses have failed to understand and apply the basic concepts of nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation. This is alarming for the quality and effectiveness of nursing education, as well as for staff development and training programs for nurses.

Influence of the nursing practice environment on job performance

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:47:33 +0100

Background: evidence-based clinical practice places nurses within a professional discipline that provides the foundation for interventions to be original, innovative and individualized.Aim: to analyze the relationship between the nursing practice environment and job performance.Methods: An observational, retrospective cross-sectional study was designed, taking as study sample 53 staff nurses in the year 2022 in a public health facility in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.Results: When correlating the dimensions of the evidence-based nursing practice environment with the global work performance indicator, a statistically significant correlation was found with the capacity, leadership and support to nurses by nurse managers (rho=0.354; P=0.0092). On the other hand, correlations with the dimensions nurse involvement in facility issues (rho=-0.144; P=0.3038), nurse rationale for quality of care (rho=0.149; P=0.2874), staffing size and adequacy of human resources (rho=0.149; P=0.2874), and physician-nurse relationships (rho=0.150; P=0.2841) were not significant.Conclusions: This study provided evidence that nurses' perceptions of their practice environment were favorable, except for adequacy of staffing and resources. Nurses' job performance levels were found to be affected by nursing managers' ability, leadership and support of nurses.

Science education from the approach of innovation, science and technology

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:47:22 +0100

Background: child abuse is a serious social problem, of universal character that has historical, cultural and psychological roots where the fundamental rights of boys or girls are violated. Aim: to characterize child abuse in children with intellectual disabilities, enrolled in the "Omar Torrijos" Special Education School of the San Miguel del Padrón municipality, during the period 2017-2019. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, related to child abuse in children with an intellectual disability. The work included 45 children from the 4th and 5th grades, who met the inclusion requirements. To achieve this purpose, indirect and projective techniques were applied, such as drawing, the technique of the three wishes, the three rocks, and the three fears, as well as the FF-SIL test. In addition, questionnaires were applied to tutors and teachers. Results: the presence of child abuse was found in 26 children, favored by various adverse situations, such as family conflicts, addictions and psychiatric disorders, which led to neglect or abandonment, physical abuse and psychological abuse. The impact of these conditions on their health was verified, which resulted in hyperactivity, aggressiveness, emotional disorders and shyness of the children. Conclusions: child abuse is a health problem in disabled children, which requires effective joint work between health and educational institutions.

Behavior of child maltreatment in children with intellectual disabilities

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:47:08 +0100

The role of nursing in intercultural health: challenges in the Argentine context

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:46:58 +0100

The aim of interculturality is to build a more democratic society through the conceptualization, description and evaluation of patterns of appropriation and reconstruction of meaning among different human groups. This scientific article aims to describe the role of nursing in intercultural health, with special emphasis on the challenges in the Argentinean context. Nursing is a profession that is changing the ways of approaching health from different roles, if current approaches are taken into account, given that different social groups demand in relation to their belief systems, and how they perceive themselves in different socio-cultural and historical contexts. Interculturality expands our performance in the field of health and education, creating new specialties that will take shape in our research advances, so it is important to invest sustainably for our full development, scientific, technological and human, in order to provide a better quality of life for all humanity and all existences of life, to value and create awareness of the cosmogony of all origins.

Unique care model through the incorporation of liaison nursing: experiences of its implementation at the Hospital Zonal General de Agudos "Prof. Dr. Ramón Carrillo"

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:46:46 +0100

Background: The rhythm of life of a puerperium requires a large percentage of attention in the recovery of her postpartum health and comprehensive care for her newborn.Aim: To describe the experiences in the implementation of a Unique Comprehensive Care Model through the incorporation of liaison nursing.Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out. The sample consisted of 109 pregnant women.Results: During the last trimester of the year 2021, 80 deliveries and 32 cesarean sections were performed, where 80% of the women remained accompanied. Ninety-seven percent agreed to receive information about liaison nursing. 94% of the users confirmed receipt of messages about the provision of home care and the resource available for consultation on the care of newborns and women in puerperal state, 40% of consultations were received and communication with exchange/feedback was generated. 65% consulted on issues related to breastfeeding management, 13% made consultations linked to breast engorgement management, 15% consulted on how to manage colic and stool frequency.Conclusions: The implementation of the strategy gave opportunity and the improvement plan constituted an improvement in the quality of care and organizational management in relation to the care of puerperal women, from an integral approach; on the other hand, it contributed to the woman and her environment to feel safe and with a more personalized care.

Nasal Obstructive Syndrome in patients with orthodontic treatment

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:46:37 +0100

Background: Nasal Obstructive Syndrome, is more abundant among children than is generally assumed and may be the initial symptom of a bronchial asthma attack or be the state preceding sensitization of the lower airways.Aim: To characterize SON in a sample of children aged 7 to 12 years.Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of 194 children who were examined in the office.Results: The prevalence of female sex was found to be 63.9% and the age group 7-9 years with 56.7%; the most prevalent dentomaxillofacial anomalies according to sex were: Bilabial incompetence with 51.5% and 48.4% antero-lower crowding. The 48.4% of the patients present Angle Class I. There are 34.5% of children treated in the specialty of Otorhinolaryngology who receive drug treatment; while 62.8% who maintain the habit of mouth breather.Conclusions: In this study it was found that female patients and the age group 7 to 9 years were the most affected. At the age of 7 to 9 years, Class I prevailed and according to sex, Class II. There was evidence of a greater number of patients receiving medication treatment during orthodontic treatment, with the age group 7 to 9 years prevailing. A greater number of patients aged 7 to 9 years maintained the habit of mouth breathing despite orthodontic treatment.

Severe aortic insufficiency secondary to infective endocarditis in a patient with intraventricular septal defect, case report

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:46:27 +0100

Background: infective endocarditis is a septic condition predominantly of bacterial origin, although there is a fungal etiology of the native valvular endothelium of the heart, it is a disease associated with high mortality and complications, despite advances in its approach, its incidence has not decreased in the last 30 years. Case presentation: 30-year-old black female patient, housewife, with a personal history of intraventricular septal defect. She went to the on-call department for presenting high fever at any time of the day accompanied by chills, with joint pain. She had undergone a curettage due to the presence of a fetal ovum. Three days prior to this, she had a fever of 38 degrees Celsius with no specific time of day, accompanied by chills, which was easily relieved with sodium metamizole. The fever persisted daily, which led to several hospital admissions, after which she was discharged home with no diagnostic cause. She was readmitted due to a chronic febrile syndrome, to which joint pain was added. Medulogram was performed and was not useful, suggesting iliac crest biopsy to rule out anarco-proliferative processes, and antimicrobials were not administered during this time. Conclusions: infective endocarditis on native valves with negative blood cultures remains a challenge, despite medical advances in recent decades, and due to demographic changes of patients and the disease, it remains a complex pathology with high morbidity and mortality.

Oxygen therapy and high-flow nasal cannula in pediatrics

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:46:18 +0100

High-flow nasal cannulae (HFNC) seem to improve respiratory efficiency by flooding the nasopharyngeal anatomical space with a constant high flow, and contribute to the decrease of respiratory work and CO2 washout. A literature review was performed with the aim of this article is to describe the main elements about oxygen therapy and high flow nasal cannula in pediatrics. Oxygen therapy is indicated whenever there is a deficiency in oxygen supply to the tissues. HFNC consists of providing a flow of oxygen, alone or mixed with air, above the child's inspiratory flow through a nasal cannula. The oxygenation of the child, allows to protect its biological functions and its consequent decrease in the possibility of preventing complications that usually arise from hypoxemia. Regarding the advantages and disadvantages of high flow, when surveyed on the perception of the professionals, most of them consider that the CNAF improve the patient's comfort, decrease nasal trauma and facilitate the initiation and progression of enteral feeding.

Validation of the instillation technique Advanced Wound Management in Veterinary Medicine (MAHVET)

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:46:08 +0100

Background: Most complicated and/or chronic wounds in veterinary medicine present a significant degree of inflammation in conjunction with local or systemic colonization or infection.Aim: To describe the validation of the instillation technique Advanced Management of Veterinary Wounds (MAHVET).Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out to evaluate the validity of the technique. Forty-seven patients were included in the period 2018-2021.Results: 96 % of the patients seen were domestic dogs, bites accounted for almost half of the cases seen (46.81 %). The MAHVET Instillation Technique consists of a constant instillation therapy for management of colonized or infected wounds in veterinary medicine.Conclusions: The MAHVET Instillation Technique is considered a practical, economical tool with enormous benefits in the management of colonized or infected wounds; by using non-adherent interface, dressing removal pain is avoided and, by using antiseptics, damage to the perilesional skin is avoided and pain is reduced locally by instilling local anesthetics in an artisanal manner.

Pedagogical model for the methodological work of the General Integral Medicine specialization

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:45:58 +0100

Introduction: for the development of a teaching-educational process with quality at the postgraduate level, it is necessary to improve the methodological work.Aim: to design a pedagogical model for the work of the specialization in General Integral Medicine at the University of Medical Sciences of Pinar del Río. Methods: descriptive and transversal research during the course 2020-2021; the universe was constituted by professors and tutors of the specialty of General Integral Medicine of the University Polyclinic "Dr. Modesto Gómez Rubio" of San Juan y Martínez, Pinar del Río. Theoretical and empirical methods were used.Results: design of a pedagogical model for the methodological work of the specialization in General Integral Medicine. Conclusions: the pedagogical model designed contributes to the improvement of the levels, activities and organizational forms and of the didactic, pedagogical and methodological preparation of teachers and tutors.

Latin American Anthropological Philosophy: Ethnohistory and Archetype of the Decolonial Subject and its Pedagogical Practices

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:45:49 +0100

The aim of this article is to describe the philosophical, ontological, social bases of the Latin American context that served as support for the establishment of Lancasterian educational thought, based on scaffolding, cuts considered archetypal the present symbolic hermeneutical reflection that account for how It has been the process of pedagogical epistemological construction in Roman words "iuris tantum" that is to say, absolute presumption, in fact and in law (first in time and in law), what Latin history has registered and ours as well adopted it. The archetypal ethnohistorical hermeneutical method was used as a category of analysis: mentality, proposed by C. G. Jung for the interpretation of data, sources, texts, magazines, manuscripts, other official documents served as support to establish foundations and reflections. It is concluded in harmony with the author Cassirer, a reflection of philosophical anthropology that focuses on the concept of man as an symbolicum.

Knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases in Ecuadorian high school students

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:45:39 +0100

Background: sexually transmitted diseases are infections that are spread from one person to another through non-responsible sexual contact. Aim: to analyze the relationship between knowledge and the risk of sexually transmitted diseases in high school students. Methods: a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research was carried out in an educational unit in the city of Ambato, province of Tungurahua-Ecuador, with a sample of 250 high school students. The data collection technique was a survey aimed at finding out sociodemographic information, knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases and sexual practices. Results: 42.8% of the people with a high risk exposure have a good level of knowledge, and 9.6% have a fair level of knowledge; whereas, in the population with a low risk level, 31.2% have a fair level of knowledge and 16.4% have a good level of knowledge. Conclusion: knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases is not always sufficient to influence the sexual behaviors of high school students.

Use of alternative and complementary therapies for pain relief in adults and older adults

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:45:29 +0100

Background: The use of alternative and complementary therapy is a relief option for a large number of pathologies that affect rural communities where its use is widespread due to accessibility and customs. Aim: To analyze the use of alternative and complementary therapy to relieve. Methods: a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural community of the Ambato canton with a sample of 150 adults and 100 older adults. The Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire HCAMQ was used as a data collection instrument to evaluate a person's attitude towards alternative and complementary medicine. Results: 61.6 % of the population had a good attitude towards alternative therapy, the main type of alternative and complementary therapy was phytotherapy (71.2 %) and the main pathology reported was musculoskeletal (67.6 %), followed by migraine (18.4 %), neurological conditions (9.2 %) and fibromyalgia (4.4 %). Conclusions: the attitude of the research participants towards the use of alternative and complementary therapy for pain relief is favorable, since, in addition to using it, they are willing to try new options because they assume that these types of therapies provide good results, have fewer adverse effects, are low cost and are easily accessible.

Application of the Joyce Travelbee Model in the person-to-person relationship with older adults

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:45:18 +0100

Background: Travelbee's person-to-person relationship model is one of the most useful models in the nursing field because it postulates how the nurse-patient relationship can help improve health status and life satisfaction. Aim: To analyze the application of Joyce Travelbee's model in the person-to-person relationship with older adults. Method: it is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study developed in the nursing home "Mons. Tomas Romero Gross" with a population of 115 older adults of both genders, the data collection was carried out through a survey of therapeutic relationship based on Joyce Travelbee's model. Results: In the original encounter dimension most of the indicators were acceptable as well as emerging identities. In the empathy, compassion and transference dimensions the results were positive. Conclusion: The person-to-person relationship between the nurse and the older adult was good because most of the indicators were acceptable, which is positive because it demonstrates the existence of a relationship between both agents; however, these levels of relationship must be improved to reach optimal levels and thus improve the assistance and care provided to this highly vulnerable population as well as to improve the quality of life in later years.

Quality of life for women in menopause

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:45:08 +0100

Background: Menopause is a physiological process in adult women, generally characterized by the cessation of menstruation, and consequently leads to a series of biological and psychological changes for women, which according to their intensity can cause a significant deterioration in the quality of life, ranging from muscular and joint discomfort, hot flashes, depression, fatigue, sexual problems and vaginal dryness.Aim: To analyze the quality of life of menopausal women in the San Martin neighborhood, Latacunga - Ecuador.Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of women between 40 and 59 years of age, with a sample of 80 participants in the study.Results: after the application of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) with a Cronbach's reliability of 0.86, whose data were collected personally and then tabulated in the SPSS version 26 statistical program. The results indicated that 26.25% of the women presented mild discomfort of climacteric symptoms, while 22.50% manifested them as intolerable discomfort, among the most frequent symptoms were depressed mood, irritability, muscular and joint discomfort, anxiety, physical fatigue, sleep difficulties, hot flashes, bladder problems, heart discomfort, sexual problems and vaginal dryness.Conclusion: The quality of life of the women in this study group was affected by mild symptoms such as somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms.

Breastfeeding up to two years of life: myth or reality?

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:44:58 +0100

Background: Breastfeeding up to two years old is a practice endorsed by the WHO, due to the benefits it has for the child's development. Aim: This study aims to find out the interviewed mothers' criteria on the feasibility or not of extending breastfeeding throughout this period, what they should do to carry on with it, and the challenges involved. Methods: A qualitative methodology was used -in order to approach the individual in a deep and experiential manner- in 15 mothers belonging to the Guapulo community of the Pujilí canton in Ecuador. The interviewees were between 21 and 68 years old, with an average age of 38. 35% of those women were university graduates and the remaining 65% had a middle or primary education degree. Results: Our results show not only favorable evaluations of breastfeeding, but also highlight the benefits of breastfeeding for the growth, emotional-cognitive development of the child and maternal well-being.Conclusions: Mothers who breastfed their children up to 2 years old gave their favourable insights about that process and emphasized the benefits acquired by both the infant and themselves.

Sleep quality and sleepiness in university students of the nursing career at the Technical University of Ambato

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:44:47 +0100

Background: The quality of sleep of nursing students is conditioned by a deficient level, consequently preventing optimal performance in personal and academic activities. Aim: To determine sleep quality and sleepiness in nursing students of the Technical University of Ambato. Methodology: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with a quantitative approach. The population consisted of 805 nursing students and the sample consisted of 460 students. Results: after the application of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with a validity of 0.86 Finn's R concordance coefficient and a reliability of 0.85 Cronbach's alpha, it was found that 98.3 % of nursing students presented an unhealthy sleep quality, which should necessarily seek medical treatment. Conclusion: The nursing students presented a high percentage of affectation in the quality of sleep, which would be causing a sleep disorder.

Ethical aspects in the publication of scientific manuscripts: A literature review

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:44:37 +0100

Scientific publication is the pillar for the dissemination of knowledge, and in the case of health professions, its objective is to report experiences that allow improving the quality of care provided to patients. However, in recent decades there has been an increase in unethical behaviors linked to the production and publication of scientific manuscripts, which makes it essential to make researchers in training, new and experienced, aware of what these behaviors are and make some suggestions to prevent them. Based on the above, this article carries out a narrative literature review with the aim of grouping in a single document, the core ethical aspects in the dissemination of knowledge through the publication of scientific articles.

Role of nursing personnel in primary health care

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:44:27 +0100

Background: professionals and services are linked to practices of a previous model, with a biopsychosocial health approach and applied to the development of community health.Aim: To describe the perceptions on the role of nursing professionals in the activities they develop within the family, community and individual settings.Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study was carried out. A total of 110 units of analysis were included, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. A survey was used as a data collection technique to evaluate the impact of nursing personnel in primary health care.Results: In the family setting, 20.9% responded "always", in which the staff provides educational sessions (talks) within the home, especially in relation to the usefulness of the educational sessions given by the nursing professional, which have managed to generate changes within the family. At the individual level, 33.6% reported "always" regarding participation in follow-up activities, control and surveillance of the patient in charge. At the community level, 31.8 % of the responses "always" allowed observing the participation of the nursing staff in vaccination programs. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the nursing professional focused on primary health care does not have a specific role, but underlies in helping several areas related to the individual, family and community.

Life habits of overweight and obesity in the pandemic period by COVID-19

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:44:16 +0100

Background: The pandemic caused by COVID-19 forced the population to be confined and socially distanced for a long period of time, for which reason they opted to modify their lifestyle habits. The personnel most at risk of suffering changes in their daily lifestyles and habits were healthcare personnel. Objective: To identify the lifestyle habits predisposing to develop overweight and obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic in health personnel of the Pediatrics service of the Hospital General Ambato. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, using a survey comprising sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements recorded in 2019 and 2022 from the occupational medical records of health personnel, and the FANTASTIC questionnaire, designed by the Department of Family Medicine at McMaster University in Canada, adapted and validated by specialists in Spanish, to measure and identify the lifestyles of people.Results: 38.09% have a normal BMI in relation to a regular lifestyle, while one person had grade I obesity and presented a bad FANTASTIC, however, there is 28.57% of the population with a regular lifestyle habit and overweight. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that, during confinement, the dietary and lifestyle habits of the pediatric population of the Ambato General Hospital underwent transitions, with a tendency towards regular eating habits, and a tendency towards a more regular lifestyle.

Perceived Social Support in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:44:05 +0100

Background: Diabetes mellitus is considered a worldwide chronic metabolic pathology, same that comprises a group of metabolic disorders which is considered in an elevated blood glucose level (hyperglycemia). Aim: to analyze perceived social support in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus attending the Loma Grande Type A Health Center. The sample consisted of 105 voluntary patients with DM2 over 60 years of age. A 12-item survey was used, which are closed questions previously validated for the topic of perceived social support in individuals with DM in the province of Cotopaxi. Results: With respect to perceived social support, it is evident that 57% use the help of family members and that they always need emotional or physical support from them; in addition, 20% of patients need social support from a figure other than a family member. Conclusions: Social support from the perspective of patients with DM2 at the Loma Grande Health Center shows a high level and is mostly provided by the family. The family environment was fundamental as a means of support for the patients, and to a lesser extent, but no less important, the support received from health personnel and friends. It is evident in this study how the presence and role of the family is constituted as a form of social support.

Giant fibroadenoma of the breast, case report and literature review

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:43:52 +0100

The breasts are made up of skin, fat, epithelial structures and mesenchymal connective tissue, so it is common for different tumors of benign or malignant origin to appear in them. The literature indicates that approximately 85 % of all lumps are benign, especially in patients under 40 years of age. A rapid and exaggerated growth of the breast is attributed to this entity, causing remarkable asymmetry, aesthetic deformity and doubts as to the clinical and cytohistological diagnosis. The singularity of this type of entity justified the development of the present clinical case in order to deepen the knowledge and treatment of this subject. The present study dealt with a 32-year-old nulliparous patient, who presented asymmetric breast growth on the right side of 5 months of evolution, without treatment. She went to the clinic where a fibroadenoma of about 15 x 10cm was evidenced, after a benign histopathological diagnosis, a procedure was scheduled. During the surgical procedure these findings were confirmed and fibroadenoma was removed, procedure without complications. After 5 days of hospitalization the patient was discharged in good condition. In conclusions, a timely clinical, ultrasound and histopathological diagnosis will indicate the initial guidelines for prognosis and resolution of this pathology.

Artificial intelligence in the field of nursing. Attendance, administration and education implications

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:43:42 +0100

Background: Research on artificial intelligence-based technologies in health care has increased over the last decade, with applications showing great potential to help and improve care. Aim: to analyze the use of artificial intelligence in the field of nursing and its implications in care, administration and education. Materials and methods: documentary research. The articles consulted were collected in the following databases: 39 articles in PubMed, 2 articles in academic Google and 1 article in Scielo, published between 2018 - 2022. Results: 27 (64%) articles that mention the use of AI, to develop prototypes in patient care, 3 (7.15%) articles highlight the importance of AI in decision making, management and service quality and 3 (7.15%) articles mention the development of skills, thinking critical and confident. Conclusions: greater participation of nurses is required in the design of care prototypes, which implies acquiring knowledge about technology and artificial intelligence as tools to provide quality care.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta. A case report

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:43:30 +0100

Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disease mainly caused by a dominant mutation in COL1A1 y COL1A2 collagen type I genes which codes for collagen type I alpha chains. The OI may also be the result of recessive mutations in other genes. Its clinical spectrum that goes from milder form to lethal perinatal forms. Clinical diagnosis might be established in a patient that presents repeated fractures, blue scleras, short stature, teething disorders and deafness. Case report: The patient was 24 years old, third gestation, with an obstetric history of a dead child with osteogenesis imperfecta, who was supervised and controlled in a public institution. Several laboratory tests corroborated that the current gestation presented osteogenesis imperfecta, thus, a surgical procedure was scheduled at 38.2 weeks of gestation. During the transoperative period, we found the newborn, with the described characteristics, alive. The child was admitted to the neonatology service, where we confirmed multiple fractures in extremities and thorax. In view of this reserved prognosis, she died within 24 hours due to pulmonary complications. Conclusions: An early diagnosis within the first three months of pregnancy is essential in order to establish a prognosis and timely treatment whenever it is necessary.

Postpartum urinary incontinence in nulliparous and multiparous women

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:43:21 +0100

Background: Postpartum urinary incontinence is an area of growing interest at the health level because pelvic floor dysfunction caused by pregnancy and obstetric procedures leads to this condition and impacts women's quality of life.Objective: To evaluate urinary incontinence in postpartum nulliparous and multiparous women.Methodos: this is a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study developed in the Health Center No. 2 of the city of Ambato in the province of Tungurahua, with a population of 120 nulliparous and multiparous women to whom the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Short Form ICIQ-SF.Results: 85% of postpartum nulliparous and multiparous women presented incontinence and it was mainly due to stress (laughing 26.7%, physical exercise 20.8% and coughing or sneezing 14.2%). The loss of urine was moderate (40%) and the loss was several times a day (40%), which significantly impacted the quality of life of those who suffer from it.Conclusion: urinary incontinence is prevalent in postpartum nulliparous and multiparous women and was related to older age and multiparity because it was more frequent in those between 31 to 42 years old and in multiparity due to genitourinary physiological changes, gynecological conditions and procedures -obstetrics affect the functionality of the pelvic floor and lead to this condition.

Destete ventilatorio: revisión sistemática

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:43:10 +0100

Introduction: Mechanical ventilation is a life support treatment, in which using a machine that provides ventilatory and oxygen support, we facilitate gas exchange and work of breathing in patients with respiratory failure.Aim: We propose to systematically review the literature with the highest level of evidence on weaning from mechanical ventilatory support.Methods: The PRISMA method was used during the writing of this review. Results: 957 references were found, of which 909 were eliminated because they were not empirical articles, did not address the aim of the review, or did not have the full text. Finally, 48 articles were included. The evidence indicates that the use of standardized weaning protocols or guidelines helps to decrease the total duration (days) of mechanical ventilation by an average of 25%.Conclusions: Optimal management of mechanical ventilation and weaning requires a dynamic and collaborative decision to minimize complications and avoid delays in the extubation transition, so we must take into account several factors, such as the initial intubation facility, the patient's medical condition, the environment within which extubation will take place, the team acting in that process.

Influence of personal, professional and motivational factors in participation of nurses in continuing education

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:43:01 +0100

Background: continuing education allows for updating in post-graduation training. A direct relationship has been observed between attendance to such training and improvement of nursing practice.Aim: to find out how personal, professional and motivational factors of nursing professionals influence participation in continuing education in a health care institution.Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study was carried out in nurses from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. For the measurement of motivational factors, the Reasons for Participation Scale and the Instrument of Motivational Factors for Attendance to Continuing Education Courses were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used.Results: there was a predominance of participants over 30 years of age (82.9%), female sex (85.2%) and with a partner (66.1%). The Chi-square test showed that personal and professional factors do not affect the participation of nurses in continuing education. A relationship was found between economic level and the number of hours of continuing education in the last year (χ2 22.014 ª; p<0.001). The motivational factors associated with participation in continuing education were: professional development and improvement (p=0.026) and professional service (p=0.001). Conclusions: nurses' personal and professional factors do not influence their participation in continuing education. Professional development and improvement and professional service are the motivational factors associated with participation in continuing education activities.

Importance of rest and family relations as non-work psychosocial factors that affect nursing staff

Scipedia content — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 11:41:41 +0100

Currently, the issue of staff well-being is addressed from many perspectives of the labor spectrum, but in the background of these approaches the intention to improve the rest conditions of health workers and thus influence their family relationships can be found. The ways in which health professionals perceive and take advantage of these rest periods and how they influence their family dynamics are an important part of the challenges of managing health personnel in institutions. Despite the current working conditions and demands, rest and family relationships stand as protective psychosocial factors for the well-being of the nursing professional. Regarding family relationships, the work-family conflict is the main problem on which the efforts of the institutions should be focused to improve the status of their professionals.

Validation of an instrument on safe perinatal practices in the COVID-19 context

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:23:08 +0100

Introduction: The care of the pregnant woman, her family and the newborn in the context of a pandemic, is located in a place of vulnerability of rights, due to different dimensions that causes not being able to predict how she will present childbirth and even more if it produces a premature birth, because not all hospital institutions currently comply with the right of childbirth respected and the right of the patient.

Aim: to analyze the internal consistency and reliability of an instrument on safe perinatal practices in the COVID-19 context.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in a public institution of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires in the period September-October 2021. The sample consisted of 37 nurses. An instrument composed of 35 items was used that was organized in four dimensions. After applying the data collection instrument in the selected sample, the construct validation was carried out by analyzing the factors and verifying the internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha.

Results: The analysis of internal consistency (reliability) was carried out through Cronbach's Alpha. The descriptive results with the 35 items showed a variance of each item of 4.980; a total variance of 24.088, with a total Cronbach's Alpha of 0.817, showing that the instrument presents internal consistency.

Conclusions: The results show that the proposed instrument has good validity and reliability and that it can be used to evaluate safe perinatal practices in the COVID-19 context.

Oxygen administration for the prevention of retinopathy in prematurity: knowledge and care of the nursing staff

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:22:56 +0100

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an alteration of the blood vessels of the immature retina, which appears in premature newborns during the first weeks of life, and causes ocular alterations that partially or totally impede visual development.

Objective: to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge about oxygen administration and nursing care for the prevention of retinopathy of the premature neonate.

Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out between the months of July-October 2021 in the Neonatology service of a health institution of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. The sample consisted of 32 nurses.

Results: A prevalence of the female sex was evidenced with 78.1%. The average age was 44.09 ± 13.12, with the mode at 50. 46.9% of the respondents had a Bachelor's degree in Nursing. 43.75% of those surveyed obtained at least 60% of the correct answers. 68.75% of the sample met all the indicators in the checklist of nursing records.

Conclusions: In light of these results, we can affirm that the institution does not have a trained staff that allows the development of a nursing role for the prevention of retinopathy, however, the quality of the nursing records was not deficient, which that did not have a significant correlation between the level of knowledge and the quality of the records.

Internal consistency analysis of a nursing registry model

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:22:47 +0100

Introduction: Nursing records are part of the clinical history of the patient and give testimony of the activity that nursing provides to the patient, of their actions with him, both in the diagnosis, the treatment as well as in his evolution, supporting himself in the process of nursing care in a rational and systematic way, thereby enhancing the quality of nursing care and becoming the proof of the care provided to the patient.

Objective: to analyze the internal consistency of a nursing registry model in a public hospital in the suburbs of Buenos Aires.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the Coronary Unit of a public institution in the August-October 2021 period. The sample consisted of 64 nurses. After applying the data collection instrument in the selected sample, the construct validation was carried out by analyzing the factors and verifying the internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha.

Results: The analysis of internal consistency was carried out through Cronbach's Alpha. The descriptive results with the 22 items showed a variance of each item of 3.856, a total variance of 26.816, with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.895, showing that the instrument presents internal consistency.

Conclusions: The validated Clinical Nursing Record format represents an improvement strategy to increase the quality of care. In it, information about the care provided to patients is recorded in an orderly and holistic manner.

Leadership styles and organizational climate perceived by the nursing staff of a public hospital in the city of Bahía Blanca

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:22:36 +0100

Introduction: Leading in Health implies the ability to improve a service through different actors and through changes that benefit the population.

Objective: to describe the perception of leadership styles and organizational climate perceived by the nursing staff of a public hospital in the city of Bahía Blanca.

Methodology: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from May to June 2021 in a public hospital in the city of Bahía Blanca, Argentina. The sample consisted of 70 nursing professionals.

Results: From the sociodemographic point of view, the prevalence of the female sex stands out, 50% of the respondents were between 23 and 37 years of age; similar values were found in the group of Bachelor's Degree in Nursing among the academic degrees. When the behavior of the questionnaires on Leadership and Organizational Climate was analyzed, 10 of 12 indicators had neutral values; it is noteworthy that there were no indicators with negative values on average. Pearson's correlation coefficient was analyzed, as well as the level of statistical significance in each of the cases.

Conclusions: The population studied was characterized by a female prevalence, young with nursing degree training and less than 10 years of work. The study found a close relationship between leadership and organizational climate, although respondents reported neutrality in the overall perception of these two dimensions.

Does mobbing impact on witnesses?: An observational study in the nursing staff of a hospital in Buenos Aires

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:22:20 +0100

Introduction: Mobbing is a set of unacceptable behaviors and practices, aimed at, causing or likely to cause physical, psychological, sexual or economic harm, and includes gender-based violence and harassment.

Objective: To analyze the impact of mobbing on witnesses and its relationship to job performance.

Methodological design: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in a hospital in the Buenos Aires suburban area. The sample consisted of 64 nursing professionals. Four evaluation instruments were used.

Results: In the sample studied, 51.6% had been victims of mobbing, 79.68% had witnessed this type of act and 37.5% reported that they currently feel harassed or psychologically bullied at work. The mean score obtained in the HPT-R was 65.51±25.96. The results show that witnesses suffer significantly more stress symptoms than non-witnesses. Witnesses presented higher means for the vast majority of the stress symptoms analyzed. When ANOVA test was applied, it was found that those who were witnesses had higher number of stress symptoms, HPT-R scores and lower professional performance.

Conclusions: Witnesses of psychological harassment at work had a higher perception of stress symptoms than those who did not, in addition to a higher overall score of perceived harassment and lower job performance.

Work fatigue and absenteeism in the nursing staff

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:22:11 +0100

Introduction: Nursing professionals are exposed to mental workload constantly to situations that generate burdens as a consequence of the physical, mental, emotional and economic effort of care and other sociodemographic and occupational factors.

Objective: to describe the association between work fatigue and absenteeism in nursing staff of a private institution in the city of Buenos Aires.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in a private institution of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires from February to April 2022. The sample consisted of 60 nurses, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. This research was developed with the application of the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI) questionnaire, contextualized and validated in Spanish.

Results: The sample consisted of 65% of the female sex. The mean age was 39.22±11.59. Of the professionals, 46.7% had a nursing degree. In relation to absence from work during the last 12 months, this was evidenced in 56.7% of the sample; and the average number of days of absence from work during the last 12 months was 15.85±40.63.

Conclusions: In conclusion, the present work highlights the need to take into consideration the study of mental workload and fatigue in the nursing profession, according to the working conditions within the nursing staff.

Valvular Prostheses Dysfunction

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:22:02 +0100

Prosthetic heart valve dysfunction can provoke the appearance of symptoms or signs or completely asymptomatic being. A typical symptom of malfunction of the heart valves is the heart failure, with one of its more common symptoms the dyspnea. The substitution of the heart valves with mechanical or biological prosthesis can cause a heart dysfunction. There was carried out a review with the objective to describe the main causes and the handling of the prosthetic heart valve dysfunction. In patient with valve substitution can appear failure, either for intrinsic or extrinsic dysfunction, being these last ones those of more incidence. The handling from the clinical point of view and the medical treatment precocious is fundamental pillars to elevate the patients' quality life. The surgery is generally reserved to patient with recurrence or severe complications.

Historia y Filosofía de la Ciencia en Latinoamérica

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:21:53 +0100

Introduction: The countries of Latin America have a common history in which they share languages, roots and traditions, and this is a major milestone in their unique way of progress.

Objective: To characterise the communication patterns and impact of Latin American scientific output in the category “History and Philosophy of Science”.

Methods: A bibliometric study was conducted where the documents belonging to the category "History and Philosophy of Science" from the period between 1996 and 2016 were analysed, using as tools Scival and Scimago Country and Journal Rank.

Results: While the regional scientific output showed an annual growth, especially after 2009, this growth was less noticeable at a global level, which indicates the scientific community’s interest towards this type of studies. More than half of the documents were cited, with a citation average of 28 cites per document. More than 30% of the communications involved international collaboration. Different studies have proven that the works which involved collaboration had a greater impact, at the expense of their visibility.

Conclusions: The analysis of the Latin-American field of History and Philosophy of Science is characterised by a sustained growth, with Brazil as its greater producer. The region has high indicators for scientific leadership and citation. They show their potential based on the recovery of the historical memory of Latin-American people in a new context related to the recognition of scientific heritage as an essential part of our people’s culture, economy, politics and society.

Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Health, Science and Technology): a space for scientific communication with an interdisciplinary approach

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:21:41 +0100

COVID-19, or severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is transmitted through large droplets generated during coughs and sneezes by symptomatic patients, but can also occur in asymptomatic individuals and before onset. of symptoms. Dental services are not unrelated to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article describes some considerations based on dental care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the scenario we live in today, a lot of uncertainty is generated in the decision-making process. We are aware that the extreme dynamics of the outbreak and the relative speed of information gathering can determine a sudden change of opinion and recommendations for the prevention of SAR-CoV-2 infection in the setting of dental care. Stomatology professionals are extremely exposed to the risk of SAR-CoV-2 infection, so it is necessary to take proactive and preventive measures as a pillar to contain the spread of the virus.

COVID-19: a challenge for stomatological services

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:21:32 +0100

Argentine higher education in the COVID-19 pandemic and in the post-pandemic period

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:21:23 +0100

The closure of higher education educational centers, including higher education institutions, was one of the first measures taken by the Argentine National Government to prevent the spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. This article addresses some strategies related to teaching in higher education carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina, as well as future projections or recommendations that could be derived in the post-pandemic stage with the aim of having strategies of coping with similar situations. The pandemic generated a deep reflection on institutional educational practices in the country, in particular, regarding their pedagogical sufficiency to take on the challenges of training mediated by technological resources. Virtual education implies extra work for the teacher, not only because of the preparation of materials, but also because of the need to always be available to hundreds of students. In the case of higher education, current reality has shown that, although some careers or subjects are practically impossible to do in virtual mode, in others it is feasible and even practical; The need arises then to review the curricular networks in the universities. Not only teachers, but also students, should be willing to change traditional models of education and find more participatory roles, so that this situation, a product of the health crisis, translates into a positive change in the educational processes of education. Argentine superior that is maintained in time.

Nursing management and leadership in the Hospital Infection Committee of the Manuel Sanguinetti Regional Hospital

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:21:08 +0100

Introduction: An infection control committee is an instance formed by trained professionals committed to patient safety.Objective: to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the nursing staff regarding the functioning of the Infection Committee, as well as the management and leadership of the nursing representative.Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at the Manuel Sanguinetti Regional Hospital, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut (Argentina), in July 2020. The sample consisted of 131 nurses. To obtain data, a perception questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes and practices was applied.Results: 17.6% of professionals with staff in charge. The majority belong to the female gender (87%). The predominant age range was between 36 and 45 (42.7%), with the longest seniority in the hospital being between 5 and 10 years (35.9%). 90% consider that the ECI should establish a network with the hierarchical personnel and the rank and file. 82% respond positively on that the C.I. is integrated by a multidisciplinary group and its purpose is the prevention of hospital infections.Conclusions: Despite the overall knowledge that exists about nosocomial infections, ICs and the role of the nurse in infection control, deficiencies were detected in the knowledge regarding the involvement of the committee in training on the use of the epidemiological method and providing directives to the committee. There is no basis for the election of the nursing representative within the committee.

Chronology and sequence of permanent dental eruption in children from 5 to 12 years of age

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:20:51 +0100

Background: Tooth eruption is the movement of teeth through the bone and overlying mucosa to emerge and function in the oral cavity.Aim: To characterize the variability in the sequence and chronology of eruption of the permanent dentition in children aged 5 to 12 years.Method: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was carried out in the "Briones Montoto" Primary School of the municipality of Guanabacoa, in the period between September 2019 and June 2020. The universe was constituted by 239 children and to determine the chronology of dental eruption, a sample of 216 children who attended classes on the day of the evaluation were taken, who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: At 5 years of age, most of the children were found with their primary dentition completed, representing 61.5%, at 6 years of age 85.5% presented all the incisors plus the first molar and 57.1% of the total studied at the age of 11 years had all the permanent teeth up to the second molar, with a predominance of the female sex, which represented 66.7%.Conclusions: There is an advance in the sequence and chronology of permanent dental eruption in this school, becoming more evident in the female sex with the central incisor being the first tooth to erupt before the first molar.

Productivity and impact of Cuban hospitals in Scopus between 1996 and 2016

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:20:42 +0100

Background: today, the university hospital is not only a teaching and care center, but also a fundamental and irreplaceable nucleus of knowledge production in the health area. The final results of such research, both health and economic, ensure that the care process offered can be increasingly based on scientific evidence. Aim: to characterize the communication patterns and impact of scientific production in Cuban hospitals.Methods: a bibliometric study was conducted on the articles that presented authorship with affiliation to Cuban hospitals, published in journals indexed in Scopus in the period between 1996 and 2016. Co-occurrence matrices for the analysis of social networks between authors and terms were analyzed. Results: 6420 documents were identified, of which 95.90 % (6 157 documents) were citable, especially the original articles with 85.59 %. Of the publications, 65.58% were concentrated in 23 national journals, the remaining 34.42% were published in 136 foreign journals. The most productive institutions were identified, headed by the Clinical Surgical Hospital "Hermanos Ameijeiras" with 994 documents. A total of 38941 citations were accumulated, with an h-index of 80.Conclusions: Cuban hospital scientific production was mainly concentrated in local journals, sustained growth both in productivity indicators and in visibility, the latter mainly at the expense of articles in English.

Leadership style and organizational performance indicators from the nursing staff's perspective

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:20:32 +0100

Background: Leadership in nursing has been widely discussed over time as a necessary professional competence and a field of action that should be exercised by these professionals. Aim: to analyze leadership styles and organizational outcome indicators from the point of view of the nursing staff of a public hospital in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.Methodological design: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. The sample consisted of 83 nursing professionals, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data collection was performed using the MLQ 5x, which was validated in content and construct.Results: 77.1 % of the respondents were women, with a mean age of 40 ± 9.44; and 9.23 ± 7.25 years of work; 74.7 % performed a care function. Transformational (4.07 ± 0.55) and transactional (3.99 ± 0.62) leadership styles have similar averages. According to the relationship between sociodemographic variables and leadership styles and their dimensions, no significant differences were found between men and women. In relation to organizational outcome variables, it is evident that extra effort is often more present in women, however, no significant differences were found between both groups.Conclusions: Leadership in nursing is considered essential. This, according to the results, is exercised by the nursing staff within their work team, regardless of age, years of work, type of organization, area of work or function performed.

Nasal Obstructive Syndrome: a mini-review

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:20:23 +0100

In chronic nasal obstructive syndrome, mucosal desiccation occurs, causing cilia to be damaged and becoming more susceptible to infection and altering pulmonary function. A bibliographic review was carried out including 28 documents, with the aim of describing the main elements of Nasal Obstructive Syndrome in pediatric patients. Nasal Obstructive Syndrome is considered worldwide one of the most frequent diseases in children and adolescents. Nasal obstruction is a symptom that is frequently presented in dentistry. It manifests as a discomfort, which manifests as a sensation of insufficient airflow through the nose. There are anatomical, physiological and neurological/iatrogenic factors that can cause nasal obstruction. Therefore, it is always pertinent to perform a detailed anamnesis and a thorough physical examination of each patient to properly diagnose the cause of their nasal obstruction, keeping in mind the premise that it is a multifactorial disease.

Patient safety and evidence-based nursing practice environment public institution in the province of Chubut, Argentina

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:20:14 +0100

Background: Patient safety, as a key aspect of quality of care, has become a priority aim of quality management in health systems.Aim: to analyze the relationship between patient safety and the evidence-based nursing practice environment.Methods: cross-sectional study, in 72 nursing professionals working in a public hospital in Chubut. The Nursing Works Index Nursing Practice Environment Scale and the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture were used.Results: The survey included 73.6 % women and 26.4 % men, with an average age of 41.1 years (± 7.6), ranging from 29 to 60 years. Fifty percent of the sample had a professional nursing degree, 41.7% had a bachelor's degree in nursing and 8.3% had a master's degree. When analyzing the correlation between HSOPSC score and NWI nursing practice environment, a significant correlation was found (r=0.4984; P<0.0001). Conclusions: The patient safety culture is in average indicators, in this sense it is necessary to carry out improvement actions on systematic approaches to errors, in professional teams and in administration, are priorities to strengthen patient safety in the hospital. A statistically significant positive correlation was found, which means that the better the evidence-based nursing practice environment, the greater the patient safety culture.

Omitted nursing care and its reasons in a public institution in the province of Chubut, Argentina

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:20:05 +0100

Background: Patient care is the core of the nursing profession, which can be defined as: an activity that requires personal and professional values to preserve, restore and care for life from the nursing-patient relationship.Aim: to describe the prevalence and reasons for the omission of nursing care, according to the perception of the nursing staff of a hospital in the province of Chubut in Argentina.Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional observational study conducted with 76 nursing professionals. Data were collected using the MISSCARE instrument.Results: 76 nursing professionals participated in the study, 75% were female, with a median age of 40.5 years (IIQ: 36), mean 41.02 (SD: 7.6), ranging from 29 to 60 years. Nursing care that obtained the highest prevalences of omission were participation in the interdisciplinary team discussion of patient care, if present (75.0 %), walking three times a day or as prescribed (61.8 %), sitting the patient out of bed (52.6 %), requests for administration of prescribed medications Y/N are attended within fifteen minutes.Conclusions: This study highlighted the fact that omission of care is a real and frequent phenomenon. The most frequent reasons for omission of nursing care were related to human resources and material resources. These reasons are centered on managerial and systemic failures, which should be analyzed and corrected in favor of patient safety.

Scientific production on patient safety in the field of nursing in Latin America

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:19:56 +0100

Patient safety is a priority in health care centers, where the nursing professional's focus is on direct patient care without the intention of committing adverse events, committing to focused and safe care free of incidents, but these can be modified if there is no culture of quality care. A descriptive bibliometric study was carried out in the Scopus database, in publications between January 2000 and December 2020; with the aim of characterizing the scientific production on patient safety in the area of Nursing in Latin America. A total of 939 documents were recovered. The scientific production had a marked growth after 2007, 97.8 of the documents were citable documents, the language with the highest number of articles and citations per document was English with 872 documents and 16.3 citations per document respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the indicators of collaboration and scientific visibility. It is concluded that Latin American scientific production on patient safety in the nursing area is characterized by a tendency towards growth in volume, with a marked decrease in scientific impact. High producers such as Brazil and Mexico stand out, however, there is a low Latin American scientific leadership, highlighting the need to strengthen research in this thematic area in the region, as a way of recognizing the importance of safe and quality care as a basis for nursing practice.

Role of protease inhibitors in the pathogenesis of alcoholic neuropathy

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:19:44 +0100

Background: Alcoholic neuropathy is a common complication among patients with alcohol abuse disorder. It is often asymptomatic and the frequency of occurrence varies. We propose that the deficit of protease inhibitors could be a causal factor of alcoholic neuropathy. If this is true, it would contribute to understanding of the pathophysiology, explain variability in individual response, and explain variability in individual response, and facilitate the search for prevention therapy.Development: Alcoholic neuropathy is characterized by a pattern of symmetrical polyneuropathy with great involvement of the lower extremities. The mechanisms of axonal degeneration due to alcohol consumption are still unclear. It is known that alcohol inhibits protection mechanisms of the nervous system. Here, we discuss that the deficit of protease inhibitors could be a causal factor in the pathogenesis of alcoholic neuropathy. If this is true, it would contribute to an understanding of the pathophysiology, explain variability in individual response, and facilitate the search for prevention therapy.Conclusions: The protease inhibitors play a significant role in the origin of peripheral neuropathies. There is strong evidence to suggest that proteases and their inhibitors are related to processes that allow the development and maintenance of peripheral nerves, and alterations in their proportions favor the development of anomalies in such structures. The mechanisms through which these molecules trigger the disease are unclear in most cases. An increase in the number of investigations in this area would undoubtedly contribute to preventing and combating a disease which strikes a significant number of people.

Work absenteeism and motivation in nursing in the Latin American context: a panoramic review

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:19:32 +0100

Background: Motivation is the force that drives the worker to perform certain actions or behaviors that meet organizational aims. Absenteeism is the result of a lack of motivation, or of certain unforeseen circumstances that cause the nurse not to attend work. Aim: to describe the scientific knowledge on absenteeism and motivation in nursing in the Latin American context.Material and Methods: A panoramic review was carried out using the scoping review methodology. The PRISMA methodology was used.Results: 132 references were found, of which 91 were eliminated because they were not empirical articles, did not address the aim of the review or did not have the full text. Finally, 12 articles were included. The factors described as causes of absenteeism globally were interpersonal relationships, physical and emotional demands, seniority, age, ergonomic aspects, work shift, especially the night shift, work overload, family demands, job satisfaction, organizational aspects, salary, interpersonal relationships and work environment. The variation of the absenteeism rate in was on average 38% with a standard deviation of 23.47%, a minimum of 18% and maximum at 74.29%.Conclusions: The analysis of the literature allowed elucidation of the different causal factors of absenteeism behavior based on the assumption that in many cases absenteeism is the result of a series of causal factors rather than the response to only one of them.

Nursing organization and management in the practice of blood sample collection

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:19:18 +0100

Background: Venous blood collection is one of the most frequent nursing interventions in the emergency department, as well as a conclusive diagnostic test to establish clinical judgment.Aim: To describe factors affecting nursing organization and management in the practice of blood sampling.Methodology: The design was quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and included 50 nursing professionals from the neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit of a private hospital institution in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, from August 2019 to January 2020.Results: 80% of the respondents reported that there were no protocols or guidelines on blood collection for the laboratory. Most of the respondents (62%) were dissatisfied with the service provided by the laboratory. A statistically significant correlation was found between the time elapsed from obtaining the blood sample until the laboratory staff comes to pick them up, and the time taken by the laboratory to report the result of the analysis (r = 0.8857; P<0.0001; 95% CI r = 0.7717 to 0.9446).Conclusions: The need for standardization of the procedure is supported through a correct protocol that minimizes potential failures and allows the nursing professionals of the institution to homogenize knowledge, raising the quality of care and reducing health costs. The research identifies a lack of knowledge of the essential aspects of the preanalytical phase, which could affect the quality of the results provided by the clinical laboratory.

Nursing organization and management in the practice of blood sample collection

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:19:08 +0100

Laboratory testing of blood samples is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of patients. This article aims to describe preanalytical errors in the clinical laboratory from a nursing management approach. Diagnostic tests are clinical decision support tools. Their use is said to be adequate or appropriate if the result answers the question that the clinician had asked himself before its request and, at the same time, if it helps him to decide some therapeutic action that benefits the patient. Venous blood collection is one of the most frequent nursing interventions in the ED, as well as a conclusive diagnostic test to establish a clinical judgment. Laboratory results have been estimated to affect up to 70% of the medical diagnosis, thus impacting the course of treatment and prognosis of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to have excellent quality control throughout the laboratory process to ensure that the results released to the clinician are reliable and truthful. In the pre-analytical process there is a wide variety of errors, these errors cover several areas; those related to the blood test request, i.e., that it is inadequate or incorrectly performed, lost or misidentified.

Perception of communication channels and their relationship with organizational strategies in nursing services

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:17:42 +0100

Background: Organizations are structured by interdepartmental areas that work interconnected and are seen as open systems in the communication process, surviving in a complex environment.Aim: To describe the perception of internal communication channels and their relationship with organizational strategies. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in March 2021 in nursing services of the Instituto Privado Especializado en Oncología Alexander Fleming. The sample consisted of 112 nurses. It was used as an instrument to determine the perception of internal organizational communication, dimensioning its variables.Results: The average age was 39.25±7.88 years, female sex (81.3%), professional level of graduates. The communication channels, both written and oral, were perceived as "Good" (P < 0.001). The average evaluation of the strategic criteria was "Fair" according to the instrument. There was a significant difference in how the communication flow between professional levels was perceived (P=0.036), despite the fact that their average evaluation was "Good", mainly affecting services where hospitalizations are not performed. Conclusions: In this study it was found that communication was centered in an institution with a decentralized structure, finding young adult nurses, mostly of the female sex, of licensed professional level and who work mainly in services that do not handle hospitalization. The written channels of communication are (e-mail, requests, letters, memos, mural) and oral (telephone, meetings, conferences, meetings), both with perceptions categorized as good.

Continuing education in the current context, approach from the nursing perspective

Scipedia content — Fri, 04 Nov 2022 13:07:04 +0100

Continuing education in nursing are those educational activities planned, to build the base of knowledge and experiences in order to reinforce practice, education, administration, research and theoretical development, with a view to improving the quality of care for the user. Of the health. Health institutions must undertake educational actions in order to stimulate the growth of their health personnel so that they can meet the demands of being human. Continuing education in nursing constitutes a growing need that becomes more accentuated with the increase in professional demands. Andragogy is the method that best suits the characteristics of teaching environments for continuing education. The factors that most influence the participation of nurses in these activities are the support of their supervisors and the availability of adequate continuing education programs.