Colloquiam: Documents published in 2021

Advantages of spline-based interfaces for fluid-structure interaction in balloon-type problems

Scipedia content — Mon, 22 Nov 2021 09:41:27 +0100

FSI Simulations of Flags Under Varying Wind Conditions

Scipedia content — Mon, 22 Nov 2021 09:40:25 +0100

Simulating wind effects on ponded membrane structures

Scipedia content — Mon, 22 Nov 2021 09:36:25 +0100

A scalable Lagrangian particle tracking method

Giacomo Baldan — Sat, 20 Nov 2021 11:36:02 +0100

Particle tracking within an underlying flow field is routinely used to analyse both industrial processes and natural phenomena. In a computer code running on a distributed-memory architecture, the different behaviour of fluid-particle systems must be taken into account to properly balance element-particle subdivision among processes. In unsteady simulations, the parallel efficiency is even more critical because it changes over time. Another challenging aspect of a scalable implementation is the initial particle location due to the arbitrary shapes of each subdomain. In this work, an innovative parallel ray tracing particle location algorithm and a two-constrained domain subdivision are presented. The former takes advantage of a global identifier for each particle, resulting in a significant reduction of the overall communication among processes. The latter is designed to mitigate the load unbalance in the particles evolution while maintaining an equal element distribution. A preliminary particle simulation is performed to tag the cells and compute a weight proportional to the probability to be crossed. The algorithm is implemented using MPI distribute memory environment. A cloud droplet impact test case starting from an unsteady flow around a 3D cylinder has been simulated to evaluate the code performances. The tagging technique results in a computational time reduction of up to 78% and a speed up factor improvement of 44% with respect to the common flow-based domain subdivision. The overall scalability is equal to 1.55 doubling the number of cores.

FIBRE4YARDS_E-LASS_Project Overview & Latest Progress_CIMNE_20211118

Dominika Behrendt — Sat, 20 Nov 2021 08:20:02 +0100

The main objective of the FIBRE4YARDS project is to maintain European global leadership in ship building and ship maintenance, through implementation of the Shipyard 4.0 concept in which advanced and innovative FRP manufacturing technologies are successfully introduced.

This project has received funding from European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement n°101006860.

FIBRE4YARDS_E-LASS_Project Overview & Latest Progress_CIMNE_20211118

Dominika Behrendt — Sat, 20 Nov 2021 08:14:02 +0100

This project has received funding from European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement n°101006860.

Reconfiguration of multi-stage tensegrity structures using infinitesimal mechanisms

Andrés González-Fallas — Fri, 19 Nov 2021 17:00:02 +0100

The use of tensegrity structures in soft robotics has seen an increased interest in recent years thanks to their mechanical properties, but the control of these systems remains an open problem. This paper presents a reconfiguration strategy for actuated multi-stage tensegrity structures. The algorithm works on the principle of using the infinitesimal mechanisms of the structure to generate a path of positions along which a multistage tensegrity structure can change its shape while maintaining the self-equilibrium. Combining the force density method with a marching procedure, the solution to the equilibrium problem is given by a set of differential equations that define the kinematic constraints of the structure. Beginning from an initial stable position, the algorithm calculates a small displacement until a new stable configuration is reached, and recurrently repeats the process during a given interval of time. By means of three numerical examples, we show the efficacy of our algorithm for reconfiguring a two-stage tensegrity mast along different directions.

A plate theory for inflatable panels

Scipedia content — Fri, 19 Nov 2021 12:09:18 +0100

Switching transformation for soft pneumatic adaptive shading

Scipedia content — Fri, 19 Nov 2021 12:08:32 +0100

Retrofitting Office Buildings: Enhancing daylighting performance with switchable ETFE double-skin façades

Scipedia content — Fri, 19 Nov 2021 12:07:49 +0100

Elastic behavior of a slender air tube combined with wires inspired by elongation of plant stem

Scipedia content — Fri, 19 Nov 2021 12:07:06 +0100

Simulating the Bending Behavior of Inflatable Drop-Stitch Fabric Panels

Scipedia content — Wed, 17 Nov 2021 12:22:54 +0100

Consistent Algorithm for Tensegrity from Form-finding to Folding and Deployment Simulation with Common Scheme

Scipedia content — Wed, 17 Nov 2021 12:22:25 +0100

Spring-mass-damper modelling of out-of-plane-bending versus in-plane-membrane resistance of parachute canopy

Scipedia content — Wed, 17 Nov 2021 12:21:47 +0100

Stress-ratio-dependent material parameters for improved numerical simulations of textile membrane structures

Scipedia content — Wed, 17 Nov 2021 12:21:03 +0100

Modelling of double layer and textile biogas storage systems

Scipedia content — Wed, 17 Nov 2021 12:20:06 +0100

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La exclusión social de las personas mayores: una forma de mirar la pobreza

María del Pilar Alonso Reyes — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 17:58:02 +0100

Exclusion allows reviewing and analyze situations of poverty, deprivation and inequality. Houghton and Khandker (2009) consider poverty as the deprivation of well-being in a pronounced way and the lack of adequate income to face education, health and safety needs; as well as access to the exercise of empowerment and basic rights. In order to identify the level of poverty, the objective is to review elements of social exclusion in the population and in particular of the elderly. Through two logistic models, which are supported by the information of the ENIGH 2016, which differ in number of variables and have or not as heads of older adults, it is sought to estimate the probability of being below the Welfare Line, in order to identify the level of poverty in which the population is located. The models show that households where older people are more susceptible to poverty.

Textile and Film-Based Modular Facades

Scipedia content — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 15:55:33 +0100

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Time-Temperature-Shift Principle and Stepped Isothermal Method applied on ETFE-Foils

Scipedia content — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 15:55:05 +0100

On time- and temperature-dependent material behaviour of ethylene-tetraﬂuoroethylene foils in building construction

Scipedia content — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 15:54:12 +0100

Virtual Wind Tunnel: an efficient computational tool for aeroelastic analysis and design of inflatable structures

Scipedia content — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 13:26:43 +0100

Detailed FSI modeling and HPC simulation of the Olympic stadium roof in Munich under wind loading

Scipedia content — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 13:25:52 +0100

Wall Modeled Immersed Boundary Lattice Boltzmann Method for the Fluid-Structure Interaction of Ram-Air Parachutes and Paragliders

Scipedia content — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 13:23:32 +0100

Fluid-structure Interaction of a 3D Finn Dinghy Sail Membrane with Surrounding Viscous Air Flow

Scipedia content — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 13:22:55 +0100

Investigation about the choice of tensile membrane in city metabolism

Scipedia content — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 13:22:20 +0100

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FIBRE4YARDS Roll-up Banner October 2021

Dominika Behrendt — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:48:02 +0100

This project has received funding from European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement n°101006860.

Considerations of Mast Stability and Prevention of Disproportionate Collapse in the Event of Membrane Failure

Scipedia content — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:32:37 +0100

Tactile strategies for the education of tensile membrane structures; A new full-scale teaching kit for the DAD Project

Scipedia content — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:30:19 +0100

Structural Applications of Mega Masts

Scipedia content — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:23:13 +0100

Elegant Mast Structures

Scipedia content — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:22:49 +0100

Alicante’s marine terminal

Scipedia content — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:22:14 +0100

Revisiting the Arctic City: 50-years of Pneumatic Progress and Perspective

Scipedia content — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:19:22 +0100

Development of a new type of inflatable structure – the adaptive rescue cushion

Scipedia content — Tue, 16 Nov 2021 10:13:52 +0100

Thinking to circularity in temporary textile architecture: end of life and reuse and re-manufacturing scenarios of materials and components

Scipedia content — Mon, 15 Nov 2021 16:24:53 +0100

Refurbishment and end of life roof membrane structure of the Teatro Verdi in Montecatini Lucca

Scipedia content — Mon, 15 Nov 2021 16:24:18 +0100

End-of-life scenarios of membrane structures: is circularity an option?

Scipedia content — Mon, 15 Nov 2021 16:23:33 +0100

Environmental product declaration (EPD) for the TensoSky©-ETFE-System

Scipedia content — Mon, 15 Nov 2021 16:23:06 +0100

Solution of 2D Poisson Equation using parallel algorithms in a multicore environment

M. Uh Zapata — Sat, 13 Nov 2021 05:33:08 +0100

This article proposes a parallel implementation using a multicore environment with MPI to the solution of the linear system resulting from the discretization of the Poisson equation in 2D using finite differences and the iterative method of Jacobi. The size of the domain and its corresponding discretization result in a system of linear equations where the number of variables can be millions. The magnitude of the problem allows the algorithm to be highly scalable in parallel; this means that by increasing the number of processors available to solve the system, the execution time will improve considerably. However, as the number of processors increases, the communication work also increases, which stops its performance. Therefore, this article proposes re-engineering the parallel algorithm focused on memory management to speed up its execution and improve its effectiveness.

Long-Term Behaviour of ETFE-Films

Scipedia content — Fri, 12 Nov 2021 15:58:21 +0100

Building Physics of ETFE-Film Systems

Scipedia content — Fri, 12 Nov 2021 15:57:59 +0100

ETFE for Innovative Building Envelopes, Research Activities at HFT Stuttgart

Scipedia content — Fri, 12 Nov 2021 15:57:36 +0100

Passive radiative cooling

Scipedia content — Fri, 12 Nov 2021 15:56:54 +0100

Software defines Hardware – Topology of control systems for retractable roofs

Scipedia content — Fri, 12 Nov 2021 13:34:42 +0100

Report on the rehabilitation of the roof structure over the tennis stadium at Hamburg Rothenbaum

Scipedia content — Fri, 12 Nov 2021 13:32:38 +0100

Replacement of the retractable roof at the Bad Hersfeld monastery

Scipedia content — Fri, 12 Nov 2021 13:31:01 +0100

Report from a joint research project for the use of retractable membrane structures in South Korea

Scipedia content — Fri, 12 Nov 2021 13:29:43 +0100

Move it for shade!

Scipedia content — Fri, 12 Nov 2021 13:26:53 +0100

On the Calculation of Textile Halls

Scipedia content — Fri, 12 Nov 2021 08:42:19 +0100

Integration of ETFE foil cushions into conventional glass facade systems by means of adapted, space-saving joining methods

Scipedia content — Fri, 12 Nov 2021 08:41:28 +0100

The Kinetic Umbrella: Designing a transformable semi-elastic grid structure

Scipedia content — Thu, 11 Nov 2021 13:15:30 +0100

Parametric Design of Tensile Structures

Scipedia content — Thu, 11 Nov 2021 12:00:50 +0100

Comparison of the pressure coefficient distributions obtained from EN 1991-1-4 to CFD analysis for hyperbolic paraboloid membrane structures

Scipedia content — Thu, 11 Nov 2021 11:44:50 +0100

Structural Design of Self-stressed Roof Structures using Vector-based Graphic Statics and Numerical Optimization

Scipedia content — Thu, 11 Nov 2021 11:43:31 +0100

The Making of HOWL by Anish Kapoor: a Fitting Inflated Sculpture

Scipedia content — Thu, 11 Nov 2021 11:41:50 +0100

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Beyond NURBS – Efficient CAD-integrated isogeometric analysis

Scipedia content — Thu, 11 Nov 2021 11:37:08 +0100

Anomaly Detection in Dam Behaviour with Machine Learning Classification Models

Fernando Salazar — Wed, 10 Nov 2021 17:03:02 +0100

Dam safety assessment is typically made by comparison between the outcome of some predictive model and measured monitoring data. This is done separately for each response variable, and the results are later interpreted before decision making. In this work, three approaches based on machine learning classifiers are evaluated for the joint analysis of a set of monitoring variables: multiclass, two-class and one-class classification. Support vector machines are applied to all prediction tasks, and random forest is also used for multi-class and two-class. The results show high accuracy for multi-class classification, although the approach has limitations for practical use. The performance in two-class classification is strongly dependent on the features of the anomalies to detect and their similarity to those used for model fitting. The one-class classification model based on support vector machines showed high prediction accuracy, while avoiding the need for correctly selecting and modelling the potential anomalies. A criterion for anomaly detection based on model predictions is defined, which results in a decrease in the misclassification rate. The possibilities and limitations of all three approaches for practical use are discussed.

Digital and physical prototype of an asymptotic facade module.

Scipedia content — Wed, 10 Nov 2021 15:57:47 +0100

Last witness and digital twin – physical and digital modelling the Munich Olympic Sports Hall – a case study

Scipedia content — Wed, 10 Nov 2021 15:57:08 +0100

Research into a real-time in-situ sensor-based monitoring concept for biaxial stress monitoring in textile architecture

Scipedia content — Wed, 10 Nov 2021 15:56:14 +0100

The characterisation of the onset of plasticity through thin film inflation

Scipedia content — Wed, 10 Nov 2021 15:55:24 +0100

Test procedures for the classification of membrane structures regarding fire safety performance

Scipedia content — Wed, 10 Nov 2021 15:54:49 +0100

Custom made parametric design tools

Scipedia content — Tue, 09 Nov 2021 16:59:33 +0100

Small pneumatic rescue cushion – modelling and simulation based on laboratory demonstrator

Scipedia content — Tue, 09 Nov 2021 16:55:00 +0100

Influence of artificial ageing on properties of architectural membrane and membrane connections

Scipedia content — Tue, 09 Nov 2021 16:54:34 +0100

Water-induced ageing modification factor for PTFE-coated glass fibre fabric

Scipedia content — Tue, 09 Nov 2021 16:53:44 +0100

Infrastructure buildings – New design language for urban architecture: Bus stations, tram stations, transfer hubs

Scipedia content — Tue, 09 Nov 2021 13:31:29 +0100

SIRQUE: a new permanent circus tent with insulated double layer membrane in Nexon - France

Scipedia content — Tue, 09 Nov 2021 13:30:45 +0100

A travel guide to textile architecture

Scipedia content — Tue, 09 Nov 2021 13:29:38 +0100

Fast model generation and static calculation of combined pneumatic and mechanically stressed structures

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Nov 2021 19:34:38 +0100

Investigations on the design of membrane structures with the semi-probabilistic safety concept

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Nov 2021 19:34:07 +0100

Mechanical saturation of common architectural coated fabrics

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Nov 2021 19:33:45 +0100

Lunar Dome - Tent for the Apollo 11 roadshow

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Nov 2021 19:33:14 +0100

Advances in the CAD-integrated design, analysis and verification of structural membranes

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Nov 2021 19:32:05 +0100

Finite element models to simulate lightweight rockfall protection structures

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Nov 2021 19:27:00 +0100

Análisis estocástico del flujo vehicular para la red de ejes viales principales de la Ciudad de México mediante cadenas de Markov discretas

Jessica Pereda — Thu, 04 Nov 2021 19:12:05 +0100

En este trabajo presentamos un análisis del flujo vehicular para un conjunto de 32 ejes viales principales dentro la Ciudad de México basado en la implementación de un proceso estocástico de cadenas de Markov discretas (CMD) definido sobre el grafo \mathcal{G} de la red vial que constituyen los ejes viales y sus intersecciones. En particular, y basados en información estadística del INEGI determinamos la matriz de probabilidad de transición \bold{P}, la matriz de primer visita promedio (mean first passage time) \bold{M} y la constante de Kemeny K, las cuales nos permiten establecer un análisis cuantitativo de la dinámica de la red. Con base en esta información, analizaremos el promedio del flujo vehicular tanto en la red completa como en los ejes viales principales. Asimismo, utilizaremos este formalismo para explorar el impacto que tiene el cierre de un eje vial particular n^{\dagger } dentro de la red sobre el flujo en los demás ejes viales y sobre el flujo vehicular global.

Analysis of the impact of climate change on the global risk of dam failure due to overtopping

Nathalia Silva — Thu, 04 Nov 2021 10:55:08 +0100

The most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC) presented medium confidence in projected increases of precipitation and run-off in some regions, while in others these are projected to decrease. However, the intensification of the climate is more generally projected to increase, which may lead to larger floods. Other studies have assessed the projected precipitation and have agreed with the IPPC assessment. These changes in climate present a concern about the risk of failure of large dams, given that most of these structures were built during the second half of the 20th century with different methods and often with limited hydrological data, resulting in uncertainty on how the design discharge capacity of the spillways can provide sufficient safety levels against overtopping in both the current and future climate. This study analyses the impacts of climate change on the failure of dams due to overtopping at a global scale The analysis is based on current and projected hydrological data obtained from the a PCR-GLOBWB Global Hydrological Model and five Global Climate Models (GCMs) selected from CMIP5 (Climate Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5). In this research an analysis of the design flood for a sample of about 1400 dams across the world under current, historical and future scenarios of climate change is made, and compared to the original design flood, by building a synthetic spillway design (using re-analysis data from CRU TS 3.2 and ERA-Interim datasets). Results from this study show that changes can be expected for the spillway discharge capacity. A consistent trend of increasing difference of the spillway capacity between the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios and the baseline runs shows that there is a direct impact of climate change on the increase of dam failures rates due to overtopping. East Asia, South Asia, Central North America and Western North America are the regions facing the biggest rise in spillway discharge.

Thermal Simulation of Rolled Concrete Dams: Influence of the Hydration Model and the Environmental Actions on the Thermal Field

Cristian Ponce Farfán — Thu, 04 Nov 2021 10:55:03 +0100

Mathematical models for the simulation of the thermal evolution of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dams during construction constitute an important tool for preventing excessive temperature rise, which may lead to cracking and losses of functionality. Here, we present a framework for the simulation of the thermal process. We define the boundary conditions of the problem using a careful description that incorporates the main heat exchange mechanisms. We adopt both a non-adiabatic and an adiabatic heat generation model for the simulation of the cement hydration. Our numerical framework lets us study the effect of the adopted heat generation model on the thermal field. Moreover, we study the influence of the weather conditions on the evolution of the hydration, and on the starting date of construction. Our simulations have shown that the hydration model has an important influence over the temperature field during the construction and the heat generation rate. Moreover, the hydration process and the temperature evolution are driven by the weather conditions. Once the next lift is cast, its thermal insulation effect makes the hydration take place under quasi-adiabatic conditions. As expected, dams built in cold months are prone to dissipate more heat than those built in warm seasons.

Validation of Machine Learning Models for Structural Dam Behaviour Interpretation and Prediction

Fernando Salazar — Wed, 03 Nov 2021 09:14:03 +0100

The main aim of structural safety control is the multiple assessments of the expected dam behaviour based on models and the measurements and parameters that characterise the dam’s response and condition. In recent years, there is an increase in the use of data-based models for the analysis and interpretation of the structural behaviour of dams. Multiple Linear Regression is the conventional, widely used approach in dam engineering, although interesting results have been published based on machine learning algorithms such as artificial neural networks, support vector machines, random forest, and boosted regression trees. However, these models need to be carefully developed and properly assessed before their application in practice. This is even more relevant when an increase in users of machine learning models is expected. For this reason, this paper presents extensive work regarding the verification and validation of data-based models for the analysis and interpretation of observed dam’s behaviour. This is presented by means of the development of several machine learning models to interpret horizontal displacements in an arch dam in operation. Several validation techniques are applied, including historical data validation, sensitivity analysis, and predictive validation. The results are discussed and conclusions are drawn regarding the practical application of data-based models.

El potencial del aprendizaje hebbiano en la clasificación supervisada

Fernando Javier Aguilar Canto — Sun, 31 Oct 2021 06:04:03 +0100

A pesar de tener un sustento biológico, la regla de Hebb ha encontrado un espacio reducido en las implementaciones de redes neuronales artificiales en las últimas décadas, siendo los métodos basados en el gradiente más utilizados. Esto supone una controversia sobre hasta qué grado entendemos los aspectos computacionales del aprendizaje a nivel neuronal. En este trabajo, abordamos el problema del aprendizaje hebbiano en términos de la existencia de una arquitectura conveniente, tanto a nivel teórico como experimental. En el plano teórico, se demuestra la existencia de un red hebbiana capaz de lograr minimizar el error de clasificación a un mínimo global. Si bien esta arquitectura es poco práctica por la explosión combinatoria, se prueba que el algoritmo de m-celdas con entrenamiento hebbiano logra, en buena medida, resolver sus principales problemas. Finalmente se verificó experimentalmente que el método de m-celdas supera a los métodos basados en el gradiente en un problema de clasificación de baja dimensionalidad (base de datos Iris) con 0.973 de exactitud para s = 5, lo cual, a pesar de sus limitaciones, indica que el aprendizaje hebbiano puede derivar a un algoritmo de clasificación competente en el contexto de la Inteligencia Artificial moderna.

Impacts of biomedical hashtag-based Twitter campaign:# DHPSP utilization for promotion of open innovation in digital health, patient safety, and personalized medicine

Dr. Pravin Badhe — Sat, 30 Oct 2021 10:42:03 +0200

The open innovation hub Digital Health and Patient Safety Platform (DHPSP) was recently established with the purpose to invigorate collaborative scientiﬁc research and the development of new digital products and personalized solutions aiming to improve human health and patient safety. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a Twitter‐based campaign centered on using the hashtag #DHPSP to promote the visibility of the DHPSP initiative. Thus, tweets containing #DHPSP were monitored forﬁve weeks for the period 20.10.2020–24.11.2020 and were analyzed with Symplur Signals (social media analytics tool). In the study period, a total of 11,005 tweets containing #DHPSP were posted by 3020 Twitter users, generating 151,984,378 impressions. Analysis of the healthcare stakeholder‐identity of the Twitter users who used #DHPSP revealed that the most of participating user accounts belonged to individuals or doctors, with the top three user locations being the United States (501 users), the United Kingdom (155 users), and India (121 users). Analysis of co‐occurring hashtags and the full text of the posted tweets further revealed that the major themes of attention in the #DHPSP Twitter‐community were related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), medicine and health, digital health technologies, and science communication in general. Overall, these results indicate that the #DHPSP initiative achieved high visibility and engaged a large body of Twitter users interested in the DHPSP focus area. Moreover, the conducted campaign resulted in an increase of DHPSP member enrollments and website visitors, and new scientiﬁc collaborations were formed. Thus, Twitter campaigns centered on a dedicated hashtag prove to be a highly efﬁcient tool for visibility‐ promotion, which could be successfully utilized by healthcare‐related open innovation platforms or initiatives.

In Silico Study of Silybum Marianum Targeting PARP Protein (4UND Protein)

Dr. Pravin Badhe — Sat, 30 Oct 2021 10:32:04 +0200

Silybum Marianum, is a plant belonging to the family Asteraceae. For many centuries it has been useda natural remedy for many diseases like Liver and Biliary tract diseases. It is effective as an anti- oxidant and is used in a variety of diseases. This study was conducted to check the effects of Silybum Marianum on PARP protein (4UND protein).The Molecular Docking techniques was chosen to check the effects of different chemical constituentsof Silybum marianum on DNA damaging protein. For this purpose, different PARP inhibitor drugs were taken as standard. The Molecular Docking of the chemical constituents of Silybum marianum was performed using 4UND protein with the help of PyRx software along with BIOVIA Drug Discovery studio software. The result of molecular docking showed that some of the chemical constituent have higher binding affinity than standard PARP inhibitor drugs.

In-silico Study of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Targeting PARP Protein (4UND)

Dr. Pravin Badhe — Sat, 30 Oct 2021 10:14:03 +0200

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is belong to the group of healthy foods, as they contain high levels of proteins, vitamins and different classes of compounds, it is discovered that oyster mushrooms could play a key role in maintaining good health. Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp.) Class Basidiomycetes and Family Agaricaceae are widely known as ‘dhingri’ in India. Pleurotus Ostreatus have several medicinal properties including;, antitumor, immune modulatory, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antigenotoxic, anti-arthritic, hypocholesterolaemic, antihyperglycaemic, antioxidant, antihypertensive, antiplatelet aggregating, antiviral and antimicrobial activities.. In this paper studied that effects of chemical constituents of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp.) on DNA damaging protein which analyzed its activity of PARP inhibiting or vice – versa. For this analysis we choose the molecular docking technique to check the effects of different chemical constituents of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp.) on DNA damaging protein and compare their results to PARP inhibitory drugs which taken as standard. We perform the molecular docking in between chemical constituents of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp.) and 4UND protein compare to performance of molecular docking in between standard PARP inhibitory drugs and 4UND protein with the help of PyRx and BIOVIA Discovery studio software. The analysis of molecular docking shows that some chemical constituents of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp.) having more binding affinity than standard PARP inhibitory drugs. The Rutin shows better binding affinity than PARP inhibitory drugs on the same protein.

Un método cuasi-Newton para funciones reales de dos variables basado en la minimización del número de condición de la matriz de actualización .

Julio Andrés Acevedo Vázquez — Sat, 30 Oct 2021 03:12:03 +0200

In this work, a quasi-Newton method is proposed to solve unconstrained non-linear equations based on the minimization of the condition number of the updating matrix considering the Frobenius norm. The convergence of the method is proved using fixed point theory. Some numerical examples are presented to show the performance of the method, and it is compared with the classical DFP and BFGS methods. The results show that the method proposed here is feasible, and for certain kinds of problems, the solution is obtained using fewer iterations and less computing time than the other ones. The method is applied to solve systems of ordinary differential equations. The results obtained are compared with the ones obtained with the BFGS method. These results show that the two methods have a similar performance.

'''Keywords:''' cuasi-Newton, condition number.

En este trabajo, se propone un método cuasi-Newton para resolver ecuaciones no lineales sin restricciones, que se basa en la minimización del número de condición de la matriz de actualización, considerando la norma de Frobenius. La convergencia del método es probada usando teoría del punto fijo. Se presentan algunos ejemplos numéricos para mostrar el desempeño del método y es comparado con los métodos clásicos DFP y BFGS. Los resultados muestran que el método propuesto es factible y que para cierta clase de problemas, obtiene la solución utilizando menos iteraciones que los otros. El método es aplicado para resolver sistemas de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias. Los resultados obtenidos son comparados con aquellos obtenidos con el método BFGS. Estos resultados muestran que los dos métodos tiene un desempeño similar.

'''Palabras clave:''' cuasi-Newton, número de condición.

Probability Analysis and Prevention of Offshore Oil and Gas Accidents: Fire as a Cause and a Consequence

Dejan Brkić — Thu, 28 Oct 2021 14:05:04 +0200

ailures during the drilling and exploitation of hydrocarbons that result in catastrophic offshore oil and gas accidents are relatively rare but if they occur the consequences can be catastrophic in terms of loss of life and environmental damage. Therefore, to gain insight into their prevention, the largest major offshore oil and gas accidents, those with more than 10 fatalities or with a large environmental impact, are analyzed in this article. Special attention is placed on fire as a cause and a consequence. Relevant technological and legislative changes and updates regarding safety that have followed such accidents and that can prevent potential future similar misfortunes are evaluated. Two main approaches to safety are compared: (1) the American prescriptive vs. (2) the European goal-oriented approach. The main causes of accidents are tested statistically in respect of failure probability, where the exact confidence limits for the estimated probabilities are computed. The results of the statistical test based on exact confidence intervals show that there is no significant difference between the analysed factors, which describe the main causes of offshore oil and gas accidents. Based on the small but carefully chosen group of 24 of the largest accidents, it can be concluded that there is no evidence of a difference between the categories of the main causes of accidents.

Operation and energy flexibility evaluation of direct load controlled buildings equipped with heat pumps

Jordi Cipriano — Thu, 28 Oct 2021 12:13:02 +0200

To date, the assessment of the energy flexibility to be delivered by existing buildings and by their legacy HVAC systems is hindered by a lack of commonly agreed-upon methodologies. There are many research works in the field; however, many of them are focused on the design stage or, in case of addressing building operation, they are based on controlled experimental setups.The novelty of this paper lies in the fact that it develops and validates an original methodology for the Flexibility Function estimation to evaluate the delivered energy flexibility of several Automated Demand Response services applied on different heat pump systems working under real operations. The active interaction with several electricity markets, ranging from the Spanish day-ahead market to the German and Swiss ancillary services markets, have also been evaluated during the winter and spring seasons. The method results showed that heat pumps could offer a significant potential of flexibility in the analysed countries. Nevertheless, it has also been envisaged that some restrictions concerning reaction times and reliability may affect its readiness for certain ancillary services markets.

Fully 3D ship hydroelasticity: monolithic versus partitioned strategies for tight coupling

Julio García-Espinosa — Wed, 13 Oct 2021 17:28:04 +0200

This paper analyzes the partitioned and monolithic strategies to simulate tightly coupled hidroelastic problems. The seakeeping hydrodynamics solver used is based on a first-order linear time-domain FEM model with forward speed and double-body linearization. The structural dynamics solver is based on a full 3D time-domain FEM with corotational shell elements accounting for the geometric non-linearity. Both solvers are implemented under the same programming framework, which allows to implement the monolithic strategy, and to minimize the communication overheads of the partitioned strategy. Two case studies are used to test and compare the partitioned and monolithic coupling: a flexible catamaran in oblique waves, and a large floating reticulated structure made of fiber reinforced plastic. In both cases, the monolithic strategy is between three and four times faster than the partitioned strategy. This project has been developed under the H2020 project FIBRESHIP aimed at developing the technology to design and build the structure of large-length vessels in fiber reinforced polymers.

Numerical study of ice crystal trajectory in compressor based on Lagrangian method

PAN Jie — Tue, 28 Sep 2021 03:05:45 +0200

The aviation industry found that a number of engine power-loss events were related to the ice crystal icing, and the research on ice crystal icing had gradually attracted the attention of scholars. In this work, the compressor and ice crystals ingested are regarded as study objects, and the trajectories of particles are calculated based on the Lagrangian approach. Moreover, the two-way coupling method is applied to solve the heat and mass transfer process between ice crystals and the flow field. The variation of particle diameter and temperature under different MVD (Medium Volume Diameter), RH (Relative Humidity) and TWC (Total Water Contents), and the variation of temperature, velocity and pressure of internal flow field are also studied. The result indicates that the MVD, RH and TWC play an important role in the ice crystals motion. Moreover, the temperature and velocity of internal flow field are also greatly affected by the three parameters while the pressure is little affected. In addition, without considering the ice crystal icing, the ice crystals ingested by the compressor would reduce the total temperature at the outlet of compressor, and improve the isentropic efficiency and mass flow rate.

Modeling Public Transport Users’ Trip Production in Hawassa City, Ethiopia

Emer T. Quezon — Fri, 24 Sep 2021 20:37:03 +0200

Today, overcrowded public transport demand, resulting in huge costs in an urban area. Similarly, there are a lot of people who use public transport in Hawassa city. This study aimed to develop public transport users' trip production models at the household level. Some socio-economic characteristics and trip detail of the public transport users were collected randomly from the different households through a questionnaire survey. The data gathered was fed into IBM SPSS package version 20 to develop linear regression models. The developed models are associated with trips for purpose and time intervals of trips made. The developed linear regression models, general trips, work trips, educational trips, and trips made before 8:00 AM and after 4:00 PM had good explanatory power. The value of explanatory power comprised of 0.656, 0.722, 0.549, 0.610 and 0.510. These values indicated the explanation power of the socio-economic characteristics on the trips made. It means the daily trips production was significantly affected by the number of working individuals, the different age brackets, cars and motorcycles, and the monthly income per household. The most frequent public transport users’ trips production regarding the trip purpose and time are work trips and occurred after 4:00 PM. This scenario represented a good model developed in this study. Hence, it is suggested that Hawassa city’s traffic management office use the developed models to predict the future trips demand to provide a proper scheme to avoid congestion during the peak hour of the day.

A review on thermo-mechanical modelling of arch dams during construction and operation. Effect of the reference temperature on the stress field

Fernando Salazar — Thu, 23 Sep 2021 09:21:03 +0200

Double-curvaturedamsareunique structures for several reasons. Their behaviour changes significantly after joint grouting, when they turn from a set of independent cantilevers into a monolithic structure with arch effect. The construction process has a relevant influence on the stress state, due to the way in which self-weight loads are transmitted, and to the effect on the dissipation of the hydration heat. Temperature variations in the dam body with respect to those existing at joint grouting generate thermal stresses that may be important in the stress state of the structure. It is thus essential to have a realistic estimate of this thermal field, also called reference or

An Implicit Modified Lax-Wendroff Scheme for Irregular 2D Space Regions

Gerardo Tinoco-Guerrero — Wed, 22 Sep 2021 04:40:02 +0200

Nowadays, there are many modelling problems which involve the shallow water equations for irregular domains. One of the most important blocks for solving these equations is the advection equation. In this paper, we present the implementation of an implicit modified Lax-Wendroff scheme in order to approximate the solution of the advection equation in some irregular domains in the plane, using a general finite difference method on structured convex grids.

A multiscale approach for the numerical simulation of turbulent flows with droplets

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 15:27:38 +0200

A multiscale approach for the detailed simulation of water droplets dispersed in a turbulent airflow is presented. The multiscale procedure combines a novel representative volume element (RVE) with the Pseudo Direct Numerical Simulation (P-DNS) method. The solution at the coarse-scale relies on a synthetic model, constructed using precomputed offline RVE simulations and an alternating digital tree, to characterize the non-linear dynamic response at the fine-scale. A set of numerical experiments for a wide range of volume fractions, particle distribution sizes, and external shear forces in the RVE are carried out. Quantitative results of the statistically stationary turbulent state are obtained, and the turbulence modulation phenomenon due to the presence of droplets is discussed. The developed synthetic model is then employed to solve global scale simulations of flows with airborne droplets via the P-DNS method. Improved predictions are obtained for flow conditions where turbulence modulation is noticeable.

Numerical simulation of flame retardant polymers using a combined Eulerian–Lagrangian finite element formulation

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 15:06:57 +0200

Many polymer-made objects show a trend of melting and dripping in fire, a behavior that may be modified by adding flame retardants (FRs). These affect materials properties, e.g., heat absorption and viscosity. In this paper, the effect of a flame retardant on the fire behavior of polymers in the UL 94 scenario is studied. This goal is achieved essentially by applying a new computational strategy that combines the particle finite element method for the polymer with an Eulerian formulation for air. The sample selected is a polypropylene (PP) with magnesium hydroxide at 30 wt.%. For modelling, values of density, conductivity, specific heat, viscosity, and Arrhenius coefficients are obtained from different literature sources, and experimental characterization is performed. However, to alleviate the missing viscosity at a high temperature, three viscosity curves are introduced on the basis of the viscosity curve provided by NIST and the images of the test. In the experiment, we burn the specimen under the UL 94 condition, recording the process and measuring the temperature evolution by means of three thermocouples. The UL 94 test is solved, validating the methodology and quantifying the effect of FR on the dripping behavior. The numerical results prove that well-adjusted viscosity is crucial to achieving good agreement between the experimental and numerical results in terms of the shape of the polymer and the temperature evolution inside the polymer.

High-fidelity simulation of pathogen propagation, transmission and mitigation in the built environment

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 13:29:11 +0200

An overview of high-fidelity modeling of pathogen propagation, transmission and mitigation in the built environment is given. In order to derive the required physical and numerical models, the current understanding of pathogen, and in particular virus transmission and mitigation is summarized. The ordinary and partial differential equations that describe the flow, the particles and possibly the UV radiation loads in rooms or HVAC ducts are presented, as well as proper numerical methods to solve them in an expedient way. Thereafter, the motion of pedestrians, as well as proper ways to couple computational fluid dynamics and computational crowd dynamics to enable high-fidelity pathogen transmission and infection simulations is treated. The present review shows that high-fidelity simulations of pathogen propagation, transmission and mitigation in the built environment have reached a high degree of sophistication, offering a quantum leap in accuracy from simpler probabilistic models. This is particularly the case when considering the propagation of pathogens via aerosols in the presence of moving pedestrians.

Effects of expandable graphite on char morphology and pyrolysis of epoxy based intumescent fire-retardant coating

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 13:10:13 +0200

The current study was designed to investigate the effects of expandable graph-ite (EG) on fire protection properties of intumescent fire-retardant coating forsteel structures. Several formulations of intumescent coating were preparedand tested according to ISO 834 for char expansion. The chars were foundwithout cracks and bonded with the steel substrate. The results showed thatthe coating slowly degraded during the test and char remained in contact withvertically tested coated substrate. The coated substrates were also tested forweather resistance using humid and ultraviolet environment. The char wascharacterized by using FESEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and XPS analysis. FESEMexamined char morphology of the coatings after furnace fire test. XRD andFTIR showed the presence of graphite, borophosphate; boron oxide andsassolite in the char. TGA and DTGA results disclosed that EG improved theresidual mass of coating. XPS analysis showed the percentages of carbon andoxygen are 48.50 and 43.45 in char of formulation with 12.8% EG. The resultsof weathering test coatings showed decreased in char expansion because of ahumidity and UV light. The formulation with 9.8% EG showed the maximumchar expansion and high residual mass among the formula tions investigated inthis study. The weathering tested coated samples showed their capability offire protection.

D8.1 (WP8): Data Management Plan

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 12:10:42 +0200

This document presents the deliverable D8.1 – the Data Management Plan (DMP) of work package 8
of the prodPhD project. It aims to present the plan for the management, generation, collection,
security, preservation and sharing of data generated through the prodPhD project. The DMP is a key
element for organizing the project’s data. It provides an analysis of the data, which will be collected,
processed and published by the prodPhD consortium. The project embraces the initiatives of the
European Commission to promote the open access to research data, aiming to improve and maximize
access to and reuse of research data generated by Horizon 2020 projects. In this sense prodPhD will
adhere to the Open Research Data Pilot (ORD Pilot) fostered by the European Commission, and this
DMP will be developed following the standards of data storage, access and management. This plan
will detail what data will be generated through the project, whether and how it will be made
accessible for the verification and reuse and how it will be curated and preserved. In this context, the
term data applies to the information generated during the different experimental campaigns carried
out in the project, and specifically to the data, including associated metadata, to be used to validate
the computational models and the technical solutions to be developed in the project.
This document is the first version of the DMP and may be updated throughout the project, if
significant changes (new data, changes in consortium policies, changes in consortium composition,
etc.) arise.

D6.1 (WP6): Key performance indicators (KPIs)

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 12:05:56 +0200

The project “Social network tools and procedures for developing entrepreneurial skills in PhD programmes” (prodPhD) aims to implement innovative social network-based methodologies for teaching and learning entrepreneurship in PhD programmes. The multidisciplinary teaching and learning methodologies to be developed will enable entrepreneurship education to be introduced into any PhD programme, providing students with the knowledge, skills, and motivation to engage in entrepreneurial activities. However, the use of the output of the project will depend on the nature and profile of the research or scientific field. In this context, key performance indicators (KPIs) form the base on which the quality and scope of the methodologies developed in the project will be quantified and benchmarked.
The project’s final product will be an online tool that higher education students can use to learn entrepreneurship from a social network perspective. Performance measurement is one of the first steps of any project and involves the choice and use of indicators to measure the effectiveness and success of the project’s methods and results. All the KPIs have been selected according to criteria of relevance, measurability, reliability, and adequacy, and they cover the process, dissemination methods, and overall quality of the project. In this document, each KPI is defined together with the units and instruments for measuring it. In the case of qualitative KPIs, five-level Likert scales are defined to improve indicator measurability and reliability.
The KPIs for prodPhD are divided into three main dimensions, depending on the stage of the project they evaluate. The three main dimensions are performance and development (which are highly related to the project’s process), dissemination and impact (which are more closely correlated with the project’s output), and overall project quality. Different sources (i.e., European projects and papers) have been drawn upon to define a set of 51 KPIs classified into six categories, according to the project phase they aim to evaluate. An Excel tool has been developed that collects all the KPIs analysed in the production of this document. This tool is shared in the Scipedia repository.

D2.1 (WP2):Needs and requirements analysis

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 11:56:35 +0200

The prodPhD project aims to address the challenging problem of introducing entrepreneurship training in PhD programmes regardless of discipline. The prodPhD project will create the necessary teaching methodologies and the platform for applying them. The project consists of a consortium of four organizations from across Europe.
The main objective of the prodPhD project is to implement innovative social network-based methodologies for teaching and learning entrepreneurship in PhD programmes. The multidisciplinary teaching and learning methodologies will enable entrepreneurship education to be introduced into any PhD programme, providing students with the knowledge, skills, and motivation to engage in entrepreneurial activities. The methodology will be conceived to develop experiential knowledge, involving academics, entrepreneurship experts, and mentors in its development and implementation.
Besides, the exchange of experience, competences, and approaches facilitated by social networking will pave the way to crowdsourcing new ideas, improving training methodologies, and stimulating academics’ entrepreneurial skills.

Excel VBA-based user defined functions for highly precise Colebrook’s pipe flow friction approximations: A comparative overview

Dejan Brkić — Wed, 15 Sep 2021 14:42:03 +0200

This review paper gives Excel functions for highly precise Colebrook’s pipe flow friction approximations developed by users. All shown codes are implemented as User Defined Functions – UDFs written in Visual Basic for Applications – VBA, a common programming language for MS Excel spreadsheet solver. Accuracy of the friction factor computed using nine to date the most accurate explicit approximations is compared with the sufficiently accurate solution obtained through an iterative scheme which gives satisfying results after sufficient number of iterations. The codes are given for the presented approximations, for the used iterative scheme and for the Colebrook equation expressed through the Lambert W-function (including its cognate Wright ωfunction). The developed code for the principal branch of the Lambert W-function has additional and more general application for solving different problems from variety branches of engineering and physics. The approach from this review paper automates computational processes and speeds up manual tasks.

Finite element methods for advection-diffusion-absorption and fluid flow problems

María Jesús Samper — Wed, 15 Sep 2021 12:36:26 +0200

The objective of the work is to develop a numerical tool to describe how the concentration of one or more substances distributed in a fluid environment changes under the effect of three transport processes: advection, diffusion and absorption. For that purpose, it is essential to know the interaction of the transported substance with the fluid medium.

The work aims to develop stabilized numerical methods for solving the transport and fluid flow equations in a coupled manner for greater accuracy, efficiency and speed when predicting the motion of the transported substances in the fluid. Emphasis is put in the transport of substances in fluids at high P\'eclet numbers.

The practical motivation of the work is predicting the transport of a pollutant in air in urban environments.

The work document summarizes the research published in three papers published in JCR journals of high impact. The author of the work is also the first author in the three papers. The papers are attached to the document in the corresponding chapters.

The description of the work developments has been organized as follows. First, we present the research carried out in the work for the development of a generalized stabilized Finite Increment Calculus-Finite Element Method (FIC--FEM) formulation for solving the multidimensional transient advection-diffusion-absorption equation. The starting point of the developments are the governing equations for the multidimensional steady advection-diffusion-absorption and the unidimensional transient advection-diffusion-absorption problems obtained via the FIC procedure. The good behaviour of the new FIC--FEM formulation is shown in several examples of application. This work was published in the first of the three papers mentioned.

In the following chapter we present an innovative numerical method for solving transport problems with high values of advection and / or absorption. A Lagrangian approach based on the updated version of the classical Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) has been developed to calculate the advection of substances in fluids, while a Eulerian strategy based on the stabilized FIC--FEM formulation is adopted to compute diffusion and absorption effects. The new semi-Lagrangian approach has been validated in its application of a series of academic examples of transport of substances for different values of the P\'eclet and Damk\"ohler numbers.

Finally, we derive a procedure for coupling the fluid and transport equations to model the distribution of a pollutant in a street canyon. In our case, we have considered black carbon (BC) as the pollutant. The evolution of the fluid flow is calculated with a standard stabilized finite element method using the Quasi-Static Variational Multiscale (QS-VMS) technique. For the temperature and pollutant transport we use the semi-Lagrangian procedure developed in the work.

Several examples of application have been solved to illustrate the accuracy and practicability of the proposed numerical tool for predicting the transport of a pollutant in air in urban environments. One of the examples are presented in the third paper, while another academic one is presented in the appendix of this document.